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S2 Raw Materials from the Earth

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  • Explain what happens when something is distilled.
    A liquid is heated and changed into a gas, and then condensed back into a liquid.
  • What is the valency of neon?
    0 / zero
  • This apparatus is used to separate oil from water. Name this apparatus.
    A separating funnel
  • Name this separation technique.
    Fractional distillation
  • A 20g rock salt sample is made of 15g of pure salt. What percentage of the sample is pure salt?
    75% - (15 / 20) x 100
  • What does “hydrophobic” mean?
    Water-hating
  • What does “hydrophilic” mean?
    Water-loving
  • What is the chemical formula of water?
    H2O
  • The number of bonds an atom can make with other atoms is called its...
    Valency
  • Describe what a surfactant does.
    It allows two immiscible liquids to mix.
  • In chromatography, what is the STATIONARY phase?
    The paper.
  • True or false: Ammonia is a soluble gas
    True!
  • Name 3 pieces of apparatus used in evaporation.
    Any of heatproof mat, bunsen burner, tripod, wire gauze, evaporation dish.
  • What is the relationship between the boiling point and the SIZE of the molecules / fractions?
    As the boiling point increases, the size of the molecules increase.
  • Using valency, work on the formula for sodium oxide.
    Na2O
  • When we add Universal indicator to water, what colour does it turn?
    Green
  • Name this separation technique.
    Distillation
  • True or false: a surfactant has the properties of both water and oil.
    True!
  • Name this separation technique.
    Evaporation
  • What is the valency of oxygen?
    2
  • Name the elements in potassium nitrate.
    Potassium, nitrogen and oxygen
  • True or false: I can use filtration to separate salt from water.
    False!
  • Can I dissolve more or less of a solute as the temperature increases?
    More!
  • True or false: I can use a sieve to filter pasta from water.
    True!
  • Is methane from our gas taps more or less flammable than diesel for lorries?
    More
  • What is crude oil formed from: dead trees and plants, dead marine animals or rocks?
    Dead marine animals
  • True or false: dihydrogen monoxide is toxic.
    False - dihydrogen monoxide is H2O (water)
  • How many atoms of each element are in NITROGEN DIOXIDE?
    NO2 - 1 nitrogen and 2 oxygens.
  • When oil and water and added to a test tube, two layers are made. How could you describe these two liquids?
    Immiscible
  • Using valency, work on the formula for magnesium fluoride.
    MgF2
  • What is the valency of sodium?
    1
  • In chromatography, what is the MOBILE phase?
    The water / solvent.
  • Name 3 pieces of apparatus used in filtration.
    Filter paper, filter funnel, conical flask.
  • What is the valency of aluminium?
    3
  • Name this separation technique.
    Filtration
  • What happens to the boiling point of these fractions as you go UP the column?
    The boiling point decreases
  • Name the piece of kit in distillation that changes vapours back into a liquid.
    Condenser
  • What word describes two liquids that CAN mix together?
    Miscible
  • Explain what happens when something is distilled.
    A liquid is heated and changed into a gas, and then condensed back into a liquid.
  • Name this separation technique.
    Chromatography
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