Give an example of metamorphic rock
Marble, schist
What type of rocks is the oldest one?
Metamorphic (because they are formed from igneous or sedimentary rocks)
What is the difference between magma and lava?
Magma is molten rock beneath Earth's surface; lava is magma that has erupted.
What are the two main types of volcanoes?
Shield, composite
What is the name of the supercontinent that existed about 200 million years ago?
Pangaea
Howw an island can be formed?
Island can be formed by volcanic activity, rising sea levels, or coral growth.
What makes hotspot volcanoes different from other volcaanoes?
Hotspot volcanoes form away from plate boundaries
What is the process by which metamorphic rocks are formed?
Metamorphic rocks are formed by heat and pressure acting on existing rocks
What is a volcano?
An opening in Earth's crust where magma, gases, and ash erupt
What are the three main layers of Earth?
Crust, mantle, core
What is an example of an igneous rock?
Granite, pumice, basalt
What is the largest lake in the world?
Caspian Sea
What is the most common type of rock found on Earth's surface?
Sedimentary rocks
What is an island
An island is land surrounded by water
What is igneous rock?
Igneous rocks are formed when magma or lava cools and solidifies
What is the biggest island on Earth?
Greenland
What is the Ring of Fire?
A zone around the Pacific Ocean with many active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes
What is the difference between a shield volcano and a composite volcano?
A composite volcano is higher (has steep slopes) and shield volcanoes are wider
What is the core of the Earth made of?
Iron and nickel
What is the smallest ocean in the world?
Arctic
How is a mountain different from a hill?
Mountains are taller, steeper, and usually formed by tectonic forces, while hills are smaller and more rounde
What happens at a convergent plate margin?
Plates collide, causing mountains or volcanoes to form
What do we call the plate margin between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other?
Divergent/constructive
What type of landform is a peninsula?
A piece of land surrounded by water on three sides
Why there are so many earthquakes in Cyprus?
Cyprus is located next to the tectonic plates border
Which sedimentary rock is commonly used to make chalk?
Limestone
What is the lithosphere?
Outer layer of Earth, including the crust and the upper mantle
What are the five major oceans on Earth?
Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic
What is the term for a volcano that is currently erupting or has erupted recently?
Active
How are continents and oceans related to tectonic plates?
Continents and oceans rest on tectonic plates that move and shape Earth's surface.
What is magma?
Magma is molten rock beneath Earth's surface
What type of volcano is Mount Vesuvius?
A composite (stratovolcano).
What is a landform?
A natural feature of Earth’s surface
What layer lies beneath Earth’s crust?
Mantle
Name the seven continents
Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America
What is the highest mountain in the world?
Mount Everest
What is a glacier?
A large mass of moving ice
How do volcanic eruptions create new landforms?
Eruptions can form mountains, islands, lava plateaus
How is the mantle different from the crust?
Mantle is thicker, and it is semi-solid (crust is solid)
Name three types of landforms found on Earth
Mountains, plateaus, and plains
Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?
Crust
What type of rock forms from the remains of plants and animals?
Sedimentary
What is the longest river in the world?
The Nile River (although the Amazon River is sometimes considered the longest, depending on measurement).