Study

2nd quarter benchmark review

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  • When a protein or enzyme loses its shape and can no longer function it has been ____
    denatured
  • What structure surrounds the cell and regulates what can enter and leave
    cell membrane/plasma membrane
  • The diffusion of water is called
    osmosis
  • List one reason why a cell would divide
    growth, asexual reproduction, it gets too big, replace damaged cells
  • The cell membrane is made mainly of
    phospholipids
  • Which organelle receives, sorts, and transports proteins
    golgi
  • The location where the substrate binds to the enzyme is called the
    active site
  • Which organelle makes proteins?
    ribosomes
  • What is one thing a cell does during interphase?
    grow, copies DNA, prepares to divide
  • Which 3 elements are found in all four groups of macromolecules?
    carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O)
  • What is number 2 pointing to?
    nucleus
  • Describe the function of carbohydrates
    provide quick energy
  • List one organelle involved in protein synthesis and transport
    nucleus, ribosomes, ER, Golgi
  • Phospholipids are made of what to components?
    phosphate + fatty acids
  • Amino acids are the monomers of
    proteins
  • How many bonds can carbon form?
    4
  • Lipids are made of what two componenets?
    fatty acids and glycerol
  • The movement of molecules across the cell membrane that requires energy is called
    active transport
  • What is number 5 pointing to?
    rough ER
  • Give one factor that can denature an enzyme
    high temps, pH changes
  • Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by reducing the activation energy are called
    enzymes
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