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Transport in Animals IGCSE Biology

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  • Describe the second stage of the cardiac cycle
    The atria pump blood into the ventricles
  • Name the four steps to blood clotting
    Damaged blood vessels release a signal, platelets become sticky, fibrinogen, a clot is formed from red blood cells, fibrin, and platel is converted to fibrin,
  • What is the function of white blood cells?
    To fight infections
  • Describe a single circulatory system
    One circuit that travels through the heart one time.
  • Describe the aorta, pulmonary artery, renal artery, and hepatic artery
  • Describe the location of the atrioventricular valves
    In between the atria and the ventricles (mitral valve and tricuspid valve)
  • Describe the location of the semilunar valves
    In between the ventricles and the arteries (pulmonary and aorta)
  • Describe the first stage of the cardiac cycle
    Muscles are relaxed while blood fills the chambers of the heart
  • What is the function of red blood cells?
    to carry oxygen
  • Describe the pulmonary vein, vena cava, renal vein, hepatic vein, hepatic portal vein
  • Name three of the four components of blood
    plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
  • What is Coronary Heart Disease?
    A disease caused cholesterol (plaque) build up that causes the blockage of coronary arteries
  • What molecule binds oxygen in red blood cells?
    Hemoglobin
  • What the function of plasma in the blood?
    To carry dissolved solids
  • Describe the third stage of the cardiac cycle
    The ventricles pump blood into the arteries (pulmonary, aorta)
  • Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system
    More efficient blood supply (oxygen, nutrients). More efficient waste removal (CO2, Urea). More efficient kidney filtering. Supports higher metabolic activity
  • Describe a double circulatory system
    A system with two circuits that moves through the heart twice.
  • What conditions make a person susceptible to Coronary Heart Disease?
    Male, older, no exercise, smoking, bad genes, bad diet
  • What is the function of platelets?
    To stop bleeding
  • Name two methods to measure your heart activity
    Electrocardiogram, pulse, Listening to the sound of the heart
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