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Transportation in Plants

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  • What name is given to the pore through which water usually leaves the plant during transpiration?
    Stomata
  • What type of proteins actively pump ions into the xylem?
    Carrier proteins
  • What is the apoplastic pathway?
    The route through the cell walls and intracellular space by which water is transported.
  • What name is given to any tissue between the upper and lower epidermis of a leaf?
    Mesophyll
  • What is the symplastic pathway?
    The route through the cytoplasm and plasmodesmata by which water is transported.
  • What is the name of the vascular tissue through which most water moves up the stem?
    Xylem
  • Compares the rate of transpiration during the day to nighttime.
    Generally increases in day because stomata open for CO2 intake for photosynthesis.
  • Why are water are water molecules attracted to each other?
    They are polar so hydrogen bonds form between molecules.
  • Give two examples of how Xerophytic plants have adapted to reduce water loss.
    A thick cuticle/rolling up leafs/hairy leafs/reduced surface area/stomata in pits
  • On which organ are the stomata found?
    Leaf
  • How is the structure of the casparian strip suited to its function?
    It’s waxy and therefore waterproof.
  • What theory is used to explain transpiration pull?
    Cohesion-tension
  • How is water transported into the xylem?
    By osmosis brought about due to active transport of ions.
  • What is transpiration?
    The evaporation of water from a plant.
  • What name is given to the space between cells of the mesophyll?
    Air space
  • What name is given to the process of water moving through a partially permeable membrane, from a higher water potential to a lower water potential?
    Osmosis
  • What are plasmodesmata?
    Microscopic channels between plant cells through which cytoplasm may flow.
  • What is the casparian strip?
    A waterproof band found in endodermal cells which prevents water moving into the xylem through the cell walls.
  • Name the type of bond that forms between water molecules.
    Hydrogen bond.
  • What specialized plant cell absorbs water from the ground?
    Root hair cell
  • Give two reasons why root hair cells are well adapted to their function.
    Shape has a large surface area and high concentration of ions on vacuole
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