DNA and DNA replication | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

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What is the back of DNA strand called?

The sugar-phophate backbone.

A DNA sample has in total 200 of 1000 bases that are G and C. How may are T?

A&T = 800, T = 400

What is the name given for the structure of DNA?

DNA-double helix

Name the four DNA bases:

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

Apart from enzymes, list two essential ingrediants for DNA replication:

Free nucleotides, Template strand.

What are the bonds that form between two bases?

Hydrogen bonds

DNA repliciation is described as being semi-conservative, explain what this means?

Each new strand produced contain an original template strand and a newly built strand.

What is the function of ligase?

Molecular "glue" that joins DNA together.

Where is DNA stored in the prokaryotic cell?

Cytoplasm

What does the enzyme, helicase do?

Breaks hydrogen bonds between bases, seperating the two strands.

Explain what is base-pairing?

It is how complementary DNA bases bond together. A-T, G-C.

What are Okazaki fragments?

Short DNA chunks of the lagging strand.

Where is DNA stored in the Eukaryotic cell?

The nucleus

The lagging strand requires multiple primers to build, true or false?

True!

Name the three components of a DNA nucleotide:

Phosphate, Deoxyribose sugar, Nitrogenous base.

The DNA backbone has weaker bonds than the middle of the strand?

False!

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Nucleotides

List the four essential enzymes for DNA replication:

DNA polymerase, Helicase, Ligase, Primase.

What is the function of primase?

This enzyme makes the RNA primer.

Why does DNA replication occur?

A second copy of DNA is required for producing the daughter cell in mitosis.

Explain the difference between leading and lagging strand?

Leading strand is made faster (template strand: 3'-5'). Lagging strand is made more slowly and in chunks (template strand: 5'-3').

When does DNA replication occur?

Before mitosis / Interphase - S-phase

What are Chargaffs rules?

In a given DNA sample: %A = %T, %G = %C.

What does the enzyme, DNA polymerase do?

Builds new strand, checks for errors in DNA code.

What do the single stranded binding proteins (SSBP) do?

Hold template strands in place, prevents DNA strands fronm joining together.

Explain why DNA strands have a 5' end and a 3' end

Each carbon is numbered on a nucleotide. The last carbon on the strand is5th = 5', 3rd = 3'.

What is the function of the RNA primer?

The RNA primer marks the beginning of the new DNA strand.

Which direction does DNA polymerase add nucleotides?

5' to 3' direction.

All living things contain DNA, true or false?

True!

Assuming 10% of a DNA sample is G, How much is in total is A and T?

80% (40%A + 40%T = 80% A&T)