What is the most important rule to follow when making predictions for two traits?
One Punnett square for each trait.
Define allele?
Different versions of a gene.
What are the three main ways that we will report the results of a Punnett square?
Percentages, Fractions, and Ratios
A plant that is heterozygous for flower color (Rr) is crossed with a plant that has white flowers (rr), what fraction of the offspring will have white flowers?
1/2
In a plant species, long stems (L) are dominant to short stems (l). A heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous dominant plant. What will be the ratio of genotypes in the offspring?
1:1
DNA that is derived from the DNA of two or more different species is called-
Recombinant DNA
What is it called if an offspring gets three of a chromosome?
Trisomy
What is 75% x 0% = ?
0%
What is a Homozygous?
Same alleles have joined together.
Describe co-dominant alleles.
Both alleles are always expressed.
What is a phenotype?
The physical appearance caused by allele expression.
What kind of allele is always expressed?
Dominant
What is the official name for a "Family Tree"?
A Pedigree
What is used to cut out a gene of DNA?
Restriction Enzymes
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 Pairs
In a certain animal, brown eyes are dominant and blue eyes are recessive. Two heterozygous animals are mated together what percentage of the offspring will have blue eyes?
25%
How do we represent a dominant allele?
Capital Letters
What Karyotype do males have?
XY
What process creates gamete cells?
Meiosis
In plants, tall (T) is dominant to short (t), and smooth peas (S) are dominant to wrinkled peas (s). A tall plant with smooth peas is crossed with a short plant with wrinkled peas. What percentage of offspring will be tall and wrinkled?
25%
Describe incomplete dominance.
When a combination of alleles produces an intermediate trait.
What percent of Chromosomes normally found in the body cells of an organism do gamete cells contain after meiosis?
50%
If a woman has a sex-linked disease, then ____________ of her sons will have the disease.
100%
What is 1/4 x 1/4 = ?
1/16
What does each box in a Punnett square represent?
Possible combination of Alleles
What does meiosis increase in a population?
Genetic Variation.
What does the prefix "a-" mean?
Without
What do we use to predict genotypes and phenotypes?
Punnett Square
What can chromosome painting help diagnose?
Genetic Disorders
Meiosis occurs in the organs of which body system?
Reproductive System
What does a father give to his daughter?
And X Chromosome
Define genotype.
Combination of alleles
What is the female karyotype?
XX
What are recessive traits represented by?
Lowercase letters
What process do we use to create a DNA fingerprint?
Gel Electrophoresis
What are the two types of reproduction?
Sexual and Asexual
What does knocking out a gene help scientists study?
The purpose of that gene.
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