Study

Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life

  •   0%
  •  0     0     0

  • What is a protein that starts reactions but is not destroyed in the reaction?
    Enzyme
  • True or False: Chemical energy is found primarily in molecules of ATP.
    True
  • Is cellular respiration more efficient with or without oxygen?
    with oxygen
  • In what cell organelle does photosynthesis occur?
    Chloroplast
  • The energy in the food produced by autotrophs or taken into the bodies of heterotrophs must be changed into a form that cells can use. The energy-transferring molecule used by cells is —
    ATP
  • Both animal fats and plant oils are made up of glycerol and
    fatty acids
  • The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is known as the
    Active Site
  • The activation energy needed for a chemical reaction is decreased by a
    catalyst
  • Maintaining a stable internal environment is known as-
    Homeostasis
  • What kind of bond takes place between amino acids
    peptide bond
  • Identify this reaction: 6H2O + 6CO2 + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
    Photosynthesis
  • Why is it important to aquatic animals that ice floats?
    If ice did not float and water froze from the bottom up then the water would become too cold for them to be able to survive.
  • What is a polymer?
    a chain of smaller units called monomers bonded together.
  • What is the term for the substances that are changed during a chemical reaction?
    reactants
  • What part of the plant would you expect to find the most chloroplasts in?
    Leaves
  • How many ATP are produced by anaerobic cellular respiration (fermentation)?
    2
  • What is the smallest basic unit of matter?
    atom
  • What type of molecule is formed by linking amino acids?
    proteins
  • What is adhesion and cohesion?
    Cohesion-water sticking to water Adhesion water sticking to other molecules
  • What type of bond holds two water molecules together?
    hydrogen bonds
  • True or False: In photosynthesis, autotrophs convert radiant energy from the sun to chemical energy
    True
  • A green pigment that traps energy from sunlight is _____.
    Chlorophyll
  • What are the four macromolecules?
    Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic acids
  • The process of photosynthesis ultimately converts light energy into —
    Chemical energy
  • How many ATP are produced by aerobic cellular respiration?
    36
  • What happens to enzymes if the pH and/or temperature changes?
    They will denature and no longer function
  • Is a protein a monomer or a polymer?
    polymer
  • Enzymes only work with specific substrates because each enzyme—
    has a specific activation site for substrate attachment
  • In what cell organelle does aerobic cellular respiration occur?
    Mitochondria
  • Chemical reactions that absorb more energy than they release are called
    Endothermic
  • True or False: Heterotrophs are the only organisms to perform cellular respiration.
    False
  • Water can dissolve many substances because of what characteristic?
    It is polar
  • True or False: When oxygen is not present aerobic cellular respiration can still occur.
    False
  • What is a polar molecule?
    A molecule that has unequal areas of charge