Study

B3- Biological molecules

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  • Test for starch: Add … solution to a sample of food. A …/… color appears if starch is present, if not, it’ll remain …/brown.
    1- blue/black 🔵⚫️ 2- orange/brown 🟠🟤
  • The polysaccharide cellulose is used to make the criss-crossing fibers from which the plant … … are constructed. They help maintain the shape of the plant cell.
    Cell wall
  • Plants store carbohydrates as … It is quick and easy to change glucose into… or … into glucose. Some plants use large quantities of … in their seeds or tubers and we use it as food.
    Starch
  • Fats AKA …
    Lipids
  • Carbohydrates include … and ….
    starch and sugar
  • Protein molecules are made up of long chains joined end-to-end. These smaller molecules are called … …
    Amino acids
  • Starch is digested to the … by an enzyme called …
    sugar maltose, amylase
  • If the solution for the biuret test id purple it contains protein/it doesn’t contain protein.
    If the solution turns purple, it contains protein.
  • What is and example of and enzyme that helps to make large molecules from small ones?
    starch phosphorylase
  • A gram of fat gives …kJ of energy. …kJ/g
    39
  • When a seed soaks up water, … is activated and breaks down starch into maltose.
    amylase
  • One gram of carbohydrate releases …kJ of energy by respiration. How many g/kJ?
    17kJ
  • Which of these is a polysaccharide often found in animal cells?
    glycogen
  • What parts of the cell contain a lot of protein?
    cell membranes and the cytoplasm (especially)
  • What is the name of the tests for fats?
    emulsion test
  • An example of the use of catalase is when…
    Hydrogen peroxide is broken down to water and oxygen
  • What is the optimum temperature from plants?
    From 28 degrees Celcius to 30.
  • What is something that works as a biological catalyst?
    an enzyme
  • Is it true that if there is a small difference in the order of the amino acids, a different type of protein is made?
    Yes
  • Another enzyme which speeds up the breakdown of a substance IN CELLS is c…
    catalase
  • What is the optimum pH is a human’s stomach?
    pH 2 (the stomach contains hydrochloric acid)
  • Many chemical reactions can be speeded up by substances called …
    Catalysts
  • If the solution for a biuret test doesn’t contain protein, it remains …
    Blue
  • Enzymes which catalyse the breakdown of proteins are …
    proteases
  • Plants are also use glucose in respiration, to provide them with energy. However, they do not transport glucose around their bodies. Instead, they transport … The cells change …. into glucose when they need to use it.
    Sucrose
  • Many of the proteins in the food you eat are used for? And why are they needed?
    Proteins are used to make new cells. These new cells are needed for growing and repairing damaged parts of the body.
  • Carbohydrates’ molecules contain …, … and … atoms
    COH- carbon(C), oxygen(O) and hydrogen (H)
  • Human enzymes start to denature from about … upwards
    40 degrees celcius
  • Some proteins are soluble in water; an example is …, the red pigment in blood. Others are insoluble in water; for example, … Hair and fingernails are made out of it.
    haemoglobin, keratin
  • Many plants store oil in their seeds- for example, peanut, coconut and castor oil provide a good energy for germination.
    🥜🥥🦫
  • What is the optimum temperature of the enzymes from the human digestive system?
    37 degrees Celcius
  • Steps for test for fats: 2-shake chopped food with ethanol to dissolve. 3-pour the ethanol into the water 1-if fat is present in the food the ethanol mixture will break up into millions of tiny droplets of fat(itll look white and opaque ⚪️)
    2,3,1 (if present the emulsion will look white and opaque like milk, if no fat is present the solution will remain transparent)
  • Is it true that some proteins are soluble in water?
    True (haemoglobin and keratin)
  • What is the pH in which most enzymes have a correct shape?
    A pH of 7 (neutral- not too acidic, not too alkali)
  • What are enzymes?
    Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts.
  • What are chemical reactions that are going on all the time in every living organism?
    Metabolic reaction
  • Starch, Cellulose and glycogen are examples of …
    Polysaccharides
  • What does starch get converted to when digested?
    Sugar maltose
  • What is the formula of a glucose molecule?
    C₆H₁₂O₆
  • Almost every metabolic reaction is controlled by catalysts called …
    Enzymes
  • A polysaccharide is a very large molecule containing … of sugar molecules joined together in a ling chain.
    THOUSANDS
  • There about … different kinds of amino acid.
    20
  • What is the test for protein called?
    Biuret test
  • The simplest kinds of carbohydrates are the simple sugars AKA ….
    Monosaccarides
  • What is protein broken down into when digested?
    Protease
  • True of false? The shape of the protein affects its function?
    True (amino acids from which it is made up of can curl up into different shapes)
  • Enzymes that break down lipids(fats) are …
    lipases
  • The optimum temperature of enzymes from bacteria can go up to …
    As high as 75 degrees celcius
  • Two examples of complex sugars are…, and …
    sucrose and maltose
  • Most polysaccharides are soluble/insoluble and taste sweet/do not taste sweet.
    Most polysaccharides are soluble and taste do not taste sweet.
  • Enzymes that catalyse the breakdown of carbohydrates are …
    carbohydrases
  • Protein is digested to … by ….
    amino acids, protease
  • What carbohydrate is usually used in respiration?
    Glucose
  • If two simple sugar molecules join together, a larger molecule called a complex sugar AKA
    Disaccharide
  • Water is an important […]
    Solvent
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