When does a nonsense mutation occurs?
When a mutation produces no visible effect.
When a mutation produces a premature stop codon.
When a mutation produces a frameshift mutation.
When a protein is changed by a mutation.
What are the symptoms of the inherited disorder, hemophilia?
Stunted/slowed limb growth.
Blood that is unable to clot after injury.
Inability to distinguish between red and green.
Abnormal redblood cell shape.
Which is true regarding meiosis and mitosis?
In meiosis, chromosomes crossover and exchange material.
In the anaphase, chromosomes are arranged in the equator.
Gametes are produced by mitosis.
Meiosis only has one phase.
In fruit flies, red eyes are dominant to white eyes. If a homozygous dominant fly is crossed with a homozygous recessive fly, what percentage of the offspring would have white eyes?
50%
75%
0%
25%
A male with the AB bloodtype is crossed with a female of a O bloodtype, what are the potential phenotypes of the offspring?
Bloodtypes AB, A, B, and O
Bloodtypes AB, OO
Bloodtypes A and B.
Bloodtypes AO and BO
What ratio of the offspring will be carriers given a homozygous dominant and a heterozygous parent?
1/4
1/3
1/2
Which of the following mutations will likely have the smallest effect on an organism?
Gene substitution
Gene insertion
Chromosomal duplication
Gene deletion
Diabetes has been found to be inherited (in some cases) through a recessive allele. What is the chance that a heterozygous father and a diabetic mother will have a diabetic child?
100%
0%
50%
25%
What is the correct definition of inheritance?
The passing down of traits from parent to offspring.
The traits of each generation.
The phenotypes of offspring.
The phenotypes of parant generations.
A gene that is found on the X chromosome is a...
Recessive trait
Sex-linked gene
Mendellian trait
Dominant trait
Four' o' clock flowers come in three colours: Red, white (homozygous) and pink (heterozygous). What type of inheritance is this?
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
Polygenic inheritance
Multiple alleles
In which scenario is a 4x4 punnet square needed?
Monohybrid cross
Polygenic cross
Sex-linked cross
Dihybrid cross
The picture attached is an example of what kind of inheritance?
Multiple alleles
Polygenic inheritance
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
Which of the following are frameshift mutations?
Substitutions and deletions
deletions
Deletions and insertions
insertions
A point mutation occurs when...
A single base is changed?
When a frameshift mutation occurs.
A small piece of chromosome is changed.
When a insertion occurs.
What best describes the mutation in the picture?
Substitution, nonsense.
Substitution, missense.
Insertion, frameshift.
Substitution, silent.
Red-green colour blindness is sex-linked reccessive. A carrier female is crossed with a normal male, what percentage of offspring will have colour blindness?
50%
0%
75%
25%
A male with an extra X chromosome has what genetic condition?
Down syndrome
Klinefelters syndrome
Turners syndrome
Jacobs syndrome
Which of the following is an example of a neutal mutation for the affected species?
HIV resistance in humans
Redhair
Albinism
Dwarfism
What type and how many cells are produced in meiosis?
four diploid cells
Four haploid cells
two diploid cells
two haploid cells
What type of mutation causes down syndrome?
An extra Y chromosome.
Non-disjunction in chromosome 21.
A point mutation in chromosome 21.
Non-disjunction in chromosome 23.
The point where RNA polymerase binds and transcription takes place is in which part of the lac operon?
CAP site
Operator
Promotor
lacz,x,y
What is the function of the lac operon?
It is responsible for producing lactose digesting enzymes.
It is responsible for produced glucose digesting enzymes.
None of these options.
it is responsible for producing lactose.
In which phases do the spindle fibers form during meiosis?
Proshpase I
Metaphase II
Metaphase I and II
Prophase I and II
Which structure is required for the lac operon?
CAP site
Promotor
Operator
All of these.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces:
Gametes
DNA
Zygotes
Chromosomes
Which of these strucures is not found in the operon structure?
CAP site
Promoter
Operator
Receiver
Under what conditions is the lactose digesting enzyme produced in a species with the lac operon?
Glucose present, lactose absent.
Glucose absent, lactose absent.
Glucose present, lactose present.
Glucose absent, lactose present.
Which of the following mutations will have the largest effect on an organism?
Non-disjunction of a chromosome pair
Chromosomal duplication
gene deletion
Gene substitution
How many cells and what type are produced in Meiosis phase I?
Two genetically different diploid cells.
Two genetically identical haploid cells.
Two genetically different haploid cells.
Two genetically identical diploid cells.
Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Assuming two heterozygous individuals are crossed together, what phenotype ratio would we expect from the offspring?
100% brown
75% blue, 25% brown
50% brown, 50% blue
75% brown, 25% blue
Which of the following is an example of a positive mutation for the affected species?
Birthmarks
Down syndrome
Albinism
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
Which mutation of these mutations can create a very big change in the final protein produced?
Insertions
All of these
Substitutions
Deletions
What happens during a silent mutation?
All amino acids are changed after that mutation.
An amino acid is changed.
A stop codon is produced.
No amino acids are changed.
When does non-disjunction of chromosomes occur regarding chromosome disorders?
Mitosis
Meiosis
Cell growth
The cell cycle
Which of these genetic disorders can have a positive effect in certain environments?
Hemophilia
Sickle-cell anemia
Down syndrome
Malaria