Pines and flowering plants have _______ grains, structures that contain the sperm producing cells
Pollen
About. _________ Million years ago, vascular plants evolved with ligning hardened vascular tissue
425
What are plants and green algae called?
Charophytes
Fungal _______ are surrounded by a cell wall made of chitin instead of cellulose
Hyphae
Mycorrhizae represent a symbiotic relationship between fungi and ___________
Plant root cells
Angiosperms are the most successful _________ plants
Terrestrial
Angiosperms evolved at least _____ million years ago and are flowering plants
B. 120
D. 150
C. 100
A. 140
What is a Coleochaete?
A simple Charophyte
Gymnosperms (do or do not) produce flowers? (They are a vascular seed plant)
Do not
Seedless vascular plants dominated vest “coal forests”… when these plants died they formed _______ deposits that eventually formed _________
Peat, coal
Fungi secrete powerful ________ to digest food externally
Enzymes
Land plants maintain moisture in their cells using
B. Cells that regulate the opening and closing of stomata
Both A and B
C. Sugars
A. A waxy cuticle
The offspring of seedless plants are sent off into the world as haploid, ________ - ____ ______ that must survive independently as gametophytes before producing the next sporophyte generation
Single-called spores
The seedless vascular plants include?
D. None of the above
A. Both B and C
B. Lycophytes (Including club Mosses)
C. Monilophytes (ferns and relatives)
Algae disperse the offspring by_____?
A. Water
D. None of the above
B. Swimming
C. Receiving light
_____ and _______ are formed from marine organisms
Oil and natural gas
__________ _______ Use only asexual reproduction for sport production and include species commonly called molds and yeasts
Imperfect fungi
Call is formed from ________ plants
B. Seeded
C. Both seeded and seedless
None of the above
A. Seedless
Unlike land plants, algae.....?
B. Generally have no Tissues
A. Generally have no rigid tissues
D. None of the above
C. Generally have rigid tissues
Pollination occurs when a pollen grains lands on the _________
Stigma
The green algae ancestors of plants may have carpeted moist fringes of __________ and coastal salt marshes
D. Oceans
A. Lakes
B. Rivers
C. Ponds
All green algae (Chlorophyta) and plants share a common revolutionary ancestor. They both contain the photo synthetic pigments ____________ and ____________?
Chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B
Unlike land plants, algae are supported by surrounding?
C. Air
D. All of the above
A. Water
B. Soil
________ Are found in a lineage that includes all living gymnosperms and angiosperms
D. A and B only
B. Spores
C. Sugars
A. Seeds
_________ adaptions for life on land distinguish the main lineages of the plant kingdom
C. Five key
D. Two key
A. Four key
B. Three key
What is an example of a bryophyte?
D. Hornworts
B. Mosses
A. All of the above
C. Liverworts
The cell walls of some plant tissues are thickened and reinforced by chemical called?
Lignin
Xylem (makes wood) and consists of _______ cells and conveys water and minerals
Dead
What is an example of a fossil fuel?
D. Natural gas
A. All of the above
C. Oil
B. Coal
Structures that keep plant cells moist are called
Gametangia
Lifecycle involves an Alternation of a haploid generation that produces eggs and sperm and a diploid generation that produces spores in protective structures called?
Sporangia
___________ must support their body in a non- buoyant medium?
Plants
Which answer best describes a disadvantage to plant life on land?
C. Obtain resources from soil and air
A. Reproduce and disperse offspring without water
B. Anchor their bodies to soil
D. All of the above
_________ Mark the angiosperm lineage
C. Flowers
D. None of the above
A. Seeds
B. Soils
What are growth-producing regions of cell division that are found near the tips of stems and roots called?
Apical merisystems (Mitosis is happening here)
_________ are made either sexually or asexually
Spores
Gymnosperms and angiosperms have ______ grains that carry their sperm producing cells through the air
Pollen
_______ are heterotrophic eukaryotes
Fungi
Gymnosperms have _______ seeds that are not produced in special chambers
Naked
True or false….plants must maintain moisture inside their cells to avoid desiccation And is a disadvantage to plant life on land
True
Most ________ consist of a mass of threadlike hyphae making up a mycelium
Fungi
A _______ Is any rapidly growing fungus that reproduce asexually by making spores
Mold
Gymnosperms produce ________ pollen (Winged sperm)
Airborne
What is a Chara?
An elaborate charophyte
A ________ ________ Can develop that involves cells containing two genetically distinct haploid nuclei
Heterokaryotic stage
Ovaries develop into
Fruit
Chytrids are common in lakes, ponds, and _______
Soil
Unlike land plants, algae receive light and perform photosynthesis over most of their _______?
B. Soil
A. Body
C. Water
D. Air
__________ embryos are present for plants
A. Dependent
C. Dead
D. Living
B. Independent
When the hyphae meet their _________ fuse
Cytoplasms
In all plants, the gametes and embryos must be kept _________
C. On land
A. Dry
B. In sunlight
D. Moist
________ Refer to any single celled fungus
Yeasts
What is the name of this plant that Thrived in Devonian, about 400 million years ago?
Rhynia
What have complex multicellular bodies and are photosynthetic cukaryotes?
Charophytes
Some fungi are _________
parasites (pathogenic roots)
Ovules develop into _______
Seeds
___________ are thought to have evolved from common ancestors
B. Charophytes
D. Gametes
A. Zygotes
C. Spores
In gymnosperms, such as pines and other conifers, this structure is the ______
A. Cone
D. None of the above
B. Spore
C. Seed
These are the only fungi with flagellated spores and I thought to represent the earliest lineage of fungi?
Chytrids
Seed dispersal mechanisms include? (Spread)
Wind, animals, edible fruits, water
True or false…Some species of plants accumulated adaptions then enabled them to live permanently above the water?
true
Bryophytes resemble other plants in having apical meristem’s and embryos retained on the parent plant but lack…?
True roots, true leaves, and lignified cell walls
What is a zygote?
D. Lignin
B. A cell wall
A. A tissue
C. Fertilized egg
Single cells that can grow into a new organism without fusing with another cell Are called?
B. Pollen
A. Spores
C. Zygotes
D. All of the above
Phloem Consists of _______ cells and conveys ______
Living, sugar
_________ house separate male and female gametophytes
Flowers
Early diversification of plants gave rise to seedless, nonvascular plants called?
B. Chlorophytes
A. Bryophytes
C. Flowers
D. None of the above
In many land plants, water and minerals move up from roots to stems and leaves using ________?
Vascular tissue
About _________ Million years ago, vascular plants evolved with ligning hardened vascular tissues.
425
In most, the hyphae consist of chains of cells separated by _______ that have pores large enough to allow ribosomes, mitochondria, and nuclei to flow cell to cell
Cross-walls (septae)
The absence of lignified cell walls in some plants limits their _______?
A. Height
C. Moisture
D. Sugar
B. Color
About ____ of angiosperms use animals to transfer the pollen
A. 90%
D. 70%
C. 99%
B. 80%
Life on land offered many opportunities for Plant adoptions that took advantage of?
C. Initially if you pathogens or herbivores
B. Abundant CO2
D. Unlimited sunlight
A. All of the above
Zygotes develops into an embryo while attached to and nourished by the parent plants called?
D. lignin
C. Phloem
A. Embryophytes
B. Xylem
Which do land plants obtain?
A. All of the above
B. Water and minerals from roots in the soil
D. Sunlight through the leaves
C. CO2 from the air
Unlike land plants, algae all use Flagellated sperm that swim to fertilize and _______?
Egg
________ _______ _______ mark a lineage that gave rise to most living plants
Lignified vascular tissues