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Past modals of speculation

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  • Choose the correct option: I can't remember my password! But I _________ (may have/ must have) written on my notebook as I sometimes do.
    may have
  • They didn't understand the teacher's explanation. (may not)
    They may not have understood the teacher's explanation.
  • Ellen didn't forget Mary's number. (couldn't)
    Ellen couldn't have forgotten Mary's number.
  • Mario went to the party by himself. (might)
    Mario might have gone to the party by himself.
  • I thought I saw Peter today, but it ___________ (couldn't/be) him, because he is in Rome this weekend.
    couldn't have been
  • Maria wasn't home last night. She could ____________(be) at her friend's house.
    have been
  • He ___________(must/make) Mariana mad, because she spanked him.
    must have made
  • The earthquake ____________ (must/be) terrifying.
    must have been
  • He __________ (could/have/become) a lawyer, but he doesn't like law.
    He could have become a lawyer, but he doesn't like law.
  • Sophie didn't get hit by a ball. (must not)
    Sophie must not have got/gotten hit by a ball.
  • We saw more than 10 kinds of desserts at the party. (may)
    We may have seen more than 10 kinds of desserts at the party.
  • Create sentences: Speculate about the past using may, might, could and must.
    Free answer
  • Anna was out in the rain. She _________ (must not/bring) her raincoat.
    must not have brought
  • Choose the correct option: Where's Mary? Her bag was here and her cellphone too, so she _________ (couldn't have / must have) gone home.
    couldn't have
  • I'm not sure Sophie forgot the homework, the dog ________ (might/eat) it.
    might have eaten
  • He _________ (may/miss) the train.
    may have missed
  • She _________ (could not/drive) there. Her car keys are still here.
    couldn't have driven
  • I lost my friend's book. It's not in my bag. (may)
    I may have lost my friend's book. It's not in my bag.
  • That strange noise woke up the baby. (must)
    That strange noise must have woken up the baby.
  • Sophie didn't eat her snack. (must not)
    Sophie must not have eaten her snack.
  • I think I __________ (might/leave) the air conditioner on. Can you check?
    might have left
  • The ending to that movie didn't surprise the fans. (might not)
    The ending to that movie might not have surprised the fans.
  • They _______ (may/not/be) friendly people.
    They may not have been friendly people.
  • Who told him my secret? It __________ (must/be) Ana, she is a gossip and nobody else knew.
    must have been