They use alternating electric fields which alternate as the particle passes through
each electrode, so the particle is being repelled by one electrode ...
What are the 3 main types of quark and
what are their charges?
Up quark - +⅔
Down quark - -⅓
Strange quark - -⅓
These also have anti-quarks and are oppositely charged.
Give two examples of baryons.
1. Protons
2. Neutrons
What are the two key types of particle
detection? (name at least one)
CLOUD CHAMBER and BUBBLE CHAMBER:
What is thermionic emission?
Thermionic emission is the release of
electrons due to heating.
Describe the quark composition of a
baryon.
Baryons are made up of three quarks.
Which category of particles are classed
as fundamental particles?
Leptons
Give two examples of leptons.
1. Electrons
2. Neutrinos
Define electronvolt.
1 eV = the kinetic energy carried by an
electron after it has been increased
through a PD of 1 volt.
What is the antiparticle of an electron?
A positron.
Name four things that are always
conserved in a particle interaction.
1. Mass/Energy
2. Baryon Number
3. Lepton Number
4. Charge
What are hadrons?
Hadrons are particles that are made out
of quarks.
How do you calculate the energy
transferred to an electron, when it is
accelerated across a potential
difference?
Energy = Charge x Potential Difference
Energy = eV
In the quark-lepton model, what are the four main categories of particles?
1. Baryons
2. Mesons
3. Leptons
4. Photons
What is the antiparticle of a proton?
An antiproton.
What will happen to a beam of electrons
if it is passed through a potential
difference?
The beam of electrons will be
accelerated since work is done by the
potential difference.
What are the six types of leptons?
Electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon
neutrino, tau, tau neutrino.
Describe the shape of the path of a
beam of electrons passing through a
magnetic field.
The beam will produce a circular path
What are the two common baryons and
what is the only stable baryon?
Protons and neutrons are the two common baryons.
The proton is the only stable baryon, all other baryons will
eventually decay to a proton.
Outline Rutherford’s alpha scattering
experiment.
High speed alpha particles were fired at
a very thin sheet of gold foil. The
deflections of the particles were
measured and conclusions were drawn.
What happens when a beam of electrons
is directed into a magnetic field?
The electron beam will be deflected,
since magnetic fields apply forces on
moving charges.
What did the symmetry of the quark-lepton model predict the existence of?
The top quark.
What was observed in the Alpha
scattering experiment?
- Most of the alpha particles passed
straight through the gold atoms
- Some of them were deflected
- A few of them were deflect backwards
Describe the conservation of lepton number.
The lepton number for each specific type of lepton must be the same before and
after an interaction.
What category of particles do pions
belong in?
Mesons.
What are antiparticles and how are they
linked to their normal particles?
Every particle has a corresponding
antiparticle with the same mass but
opposite charge, baryon number and
lepton number.
What is atomic number?
The total number of protons in the
nucleus.
What is 1 MeV in joules?
(1.6x10⁻¹⁹) x 10⁶ = 1.6 x10⁻¹³ J
What are quarks?
Quarks are fundamental particles that
are the building blocks for hadrons.
State the mass-energy equation.
E = mc²
What is nucleon number?
The sum of the number of protons and
neutrons in the nucleus.
What is the quark composition of a
proton, antiproton, neutron and
antineutron?