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  • "A woman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing, dancing, all the modern languages, to deserve the word; and besides all this, she must possess a certain something in her air and manner of walking, the tone of her voice"
    Social Register
  • Define: Transliteration
    conversional conventions are used to alter the phonic/graphic shape of the ST name bringing it more in line with TL patterns of pronunciation and spelling.
  • Name the TYPES OF COMPENSATION
    In kind, Compensation in place, Compensation by merging, Compensation by splitting
  • Name The formal properties of texts relevant in translation
    PHONIC/GRAPHIC LEVEL, and THE PROSODIC LEVEL
  • When do we Use a semi-colon in English
    used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses between items in a list or series if any of the items contain commas
  • ‘Where’s the boy, then?’
    In this case the word "then" is an example of ...........
  • Define: Cultural borrowing:
    Transfering a ST expression verbatim into the TT.
  • What's the difference between cohesion and coherence
    too long to type in here: the teacher decides haha
  • Difference between Spanish and English prosodic level?
    Whereas a line of modern Spanish verse is defined in terms of a syllable count, lines in English verse are conventionally defined in terms of feet.
  • What is the prosodic level?
    Utterances count as ‘metrically’ structured stretches, within which syllables have varying degrees of prominence
  • What is the golden rule in technical translation?
    Never be too proud or embarrassed to ask for help or advice.
  • "No text exists in total isolation from other texts" refers to the ....... level
    intertextual
  • Define phonic/graphic level
    Sequence of sound segments (phonemes) if it is an oral text, or as a sequence of letters (graphemes) if it is a written one.
  • What is a "foot" in translation? (English prosodic level)
    A foot is a conventional group of stressed and/or unstressed syllables occurring in a specific order
  • Define: anaphora
    the replacement of previously used words and phrases by elements such as pronouns or adverbs that refer back to them
  • Define: cultural transposition
    Any degree of departure from a purely literal translation needed to transfer the content of an ST into the context of a target culture
  • Define: Compensation by merging
    to condense ST features carried over a relatively long stretch of text into a relatively short stretch of the TT
  • What is a word system?
    a pattern of words having an associative common denominator, a pattern which nurtures the theme and message of the text with greater intensity
  • Give an example of HYPONOMY
    She had a baby - She had a baby girl
  • Name some differences in punctuation between English and Spanish
    the use of colons and semi-colons
  • Define: Cultural transplantation
    SL names are replaced by indigenous TL names that are not their referential equivalents but have similar cultural connotations.
  • Define: Compensation in kind
    This refers to making up for one type of textual effect in the ST by another type in the TT.
  • What are the problems related to technical translation?
    lexical and CONCEPTUAL
  • Give an example of Compensation by splitting
    A simple example is furnished by the Spanish verb ‘escasear’, which, for literal exactitude, has to be translated as ‘to be in short supply’.
  • ¡Sentaros!’ instead of ‘¡Sentaos!’ is an example of ...
    sociolect
  • What are Illocutionary particles?
    Relating to or being the communicative effect (such as commanding or requesting) of an utterance
  • Define: cogency
    The degree to which a text hangs together
  • Define: Dialect
    syntactic and sentential features that give away information about one’s association with a particular region.
  • Define: Compensation in place
    making up for the loss of a particular effect found at a given place in the ST by creating a corresponding effect at an earlier or later place in the TT
  • Give an example of HYPERONYMY
    ‘I bought a boat’ - ‘I bought a yatch’
  • What are the types of grammatical arrangement?
    the successive patterns whereby words are linked to form phrases the patterns by which complex and compound words are formed
  • What does compensation mean in the context of translation?
    Techniques of making up for the loss of important ST features through replicating ST effects approximately in the TT by means other than those used in the ST.
  • What is THE DISCOURSE LEVEL?
    This level is concerned both with relations between sentences and with relations between larger units: paragraphs, stanzas, chapters, volumes and so on.
  • Define Calque
    Structure of the TL name imitates that of the SL name, but grammatical slots in it are filled with TL units translating the individual meaningful units of SL
  • a ‘politeness scale’ is useful to determine:
    tonal register
  • Define: synonymy in translation
    words whose literal meanings are identical in range.
  • What are cultural issues in translation?
    Issues related: Translation proper involves not just a transfer of information between two languages, but a transfer from one culture to another.
  • Give examples of iconic and iconically motivated onomatopoeias
    Iconic: boom! Iconically motivated: Ronroneo
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