Anatomy and physiology of swallowing | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

Loss of sensory input from the pyriform sinuses is MOST associated with risk of:

Delayed airway protective responses

Slowed AP transit

Reduced chewing strength

Nasal regurgitation

A lesion affecting CN VII (facial) would MOST likely result in:

Reduced labial seal causing anterior spillage

Posterior tongue numbness

Absent cough reflex

Weak jaw closure

Which CN provides motor input to the palatoglossus muscle?

CN X (vagus)

CN lX (glossopharyngeal)

CN Xll (hypoglossal)

CN V (trigeminal)

Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve primarily disrupts:

Motor innervation to the true vocal folds

Sensory detection at the aryepiglottic folds

Taste on the anterior tongue

Gag reflex and swallow trigger responsiveness

Loss of sensation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue would MOST impact:

Gag reflex & swallow trigger responsiveness

Motor innervation to the true vocal fold

Sensory detection at the aryepiglottic folds

Reduced labial seal causing anterior spillage

Damage to CN XI (spinal accessory nerve) affects swallowing by:

Redu. palatal elevation due to its fibers joining CN X (Vagu

Decreasing Upper Esophageal Sphincter relaxation

Weakening the pharyngeal constrictors

Impairing laryngeal elevation

Taste to the epiglottis is supplied by which cranial nerve?

CN X (vagus)

CN V (trigeminal)

CN Vll (facial)

CN lX (Glossopharyngeal)

Sensory loss to the valleculae would MOST directly impair:

Timely initiation of the pharyngeal swallow

Esophageal peristalsis

Velopharyngeal closure

True vocal fold adduction

Which cranial nerve provides sensory innervation to the supraglottic larynx?

CN X vagus

CN XII hypoglossal

CN VII facial

CN IX glossopharyngeal

Damage to the mandibular branch of CN V (trigeminal) would MOST likely cause difficulty with:

Jaw elevation during mastication

Vocal fold adduction

Lip rounding

Taste sensation

Reduced laryngeal sensation increases risk for:

Penetration & silent aspiration

Anterior spillage

Nasal regurgitation

Oral residue only

CN XII (hypoglossal) damage most affects:

Lingual propulsion & bolus control

Cricopharyngeal function

Cough strength

Airway protection

CN X (Vagus) is responsible for:

Laryngeal sensation and motor closure

Airway protection

Sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue & pharynx

Facial expression

CN IX (glossopharyngeal) provides:

Sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue & pharynx

Motor innervation to the tongue

Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue & lip seal

Motor to arytenoids

CN VII (facial) contributes to swallowing by:

Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue & lip seal

Triggering upper esophageal sphincter opening

Elevating velum

Sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue & pharynx

The lower esophageal sphincter function protects against:

Gastroesophageal reflux into the pharynx

Aspiration

Nasal regurgitation

Reflux into the esophagus

Esophageal motility disorders primarily impact:

Efficiency of bolus transit

Lingual pressure

Safety of the swallow

Velopharyngeal function

Reduced relaxation of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter results in:

Pyriform sinus residue

Penetration only

Vallecular residue

Nasal reflux

The Upper Esophageal Sphincter opens as a result of:

Hyolaryngeal traction & relaxation of the cricopharyngeus

Vocal fold adduction

Cricopharyngeal contraction

Pressure from the lungs

Primary peristalsis occurs when:

The bolus enters the esophagus

The tongue elevates

The pharynx squeezes

Upper Esophageal Sphincter contracts

The esophageal phase is controlled primarily by:

Autonomic nervous system

Spinal accessory nerve

Cranial nerve XII (Hypoglossal)

Spinal accessory nerve

Which CN provides sensory input to the oropharynx to trigger the swallow?

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

CN VII (Facial)

CN XII (Hypoglossal)

CN X (Vagus)

The laryngeal vestibule closes completely when:

Arytenoids contact the base of the epiglottis

Upper Esophageal Sphincter opens

Velum elevates

Epiglottis retroflexes

Reduced pharyngeal constriction leads to:

Pyriform sinus residue

Vocal fold paralysis

Nasal emission

Delayed swallow trigger

Tongue base retraction generates:

Pharyngeal stripping wave

Cricopharyngeal hypertonicity

Shear pressure

Epiglottic closure only

Delayed pharyngeal swallow MOST commonly results in:

Premature spillage into the airway

Reduced Upper Esophageal Sphincter tone

Nasal regurgitation

Esophageal reflux

The primary function of the arytenoids during swallowing is to:

Move anteriorly & medially to close the larynx

Elevate the velum

Increase tongue pressure

Control saliva production

Which muscle elevates the pharynx during swallowing?

Stylopharyngeus

Middle constrictor

Inferior constrictor

Superior constrictor

Which CN innervates the majority of pharyngeal constrictors?

CN IX & X

CN XII

CN VII

CN V

Epiglottic inversion occurs primarily due to:

Tongue base retraction & laryngeal elevation

Contraction of the epiglottic muscle

Airway closure & Upper Esophageal Sphincter opening

Preventing pocketing in the lateral sulci

Laryngeal closure during swallowing proceeds in what order?

True folds → arytenoids → epiglottic tilt

Epiglottis → arytenoids → true vocal folds

True vocal folds → false vocal folds → laryngeal vestibule

Hyolaryngeal elevation contributes MOST to:

Airway closure & Upper Esophageal Sphincter opening

Velopharyngeal seal

Tongue base retraction

Nasal airflow

The muscle forming the primary structure of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter is the:

Cricopharyngeus

Stylopharyngeus

Thyroepiglottic muscle

Aryepiglottic muscle

Velopharyngeal closure prevents:

Nasal regurgitation

Cricopharyngeal spasm

Aspiration

Globus sensation

The pharyngeal swallow is primarily triggered when the bolus reaches the:

Faucial pillars

Velum

Buccinator muscle

Palatine tonsil

Reduced lingual lateralization would MOST affect:

Bolus formation

Epiglottic inversion

Laryngeal closure

Upper Esophageal Sphincter opening

Mastication is MOST dependent on which cranial nerve?

CN V

CN VII

CN lX

CN Xll

The oral transit stage ends when:

Tongue base meets posterior pharyngeal wall

Bolus enters valleculae

Velum closes

Hyoid elevates

A reduced anterior–posterior tongue movement affects which stage?

Oral transit

Pharyngeal

Esophageal

None

Tongue elevation against the hard palate is primarily achieved by the:

Genioglossus

Hyoglossus

Styloglossus

Palatoglossus

Buccinator function during swallowing is to:

Prevent pocketing in the lateral sulci

Propel the bolus through the Upper Esophageal Sphincter

Elevate the larynx

Close the velopharyngeal port

The muscle that elevates and retracts the velum during oral transit is:

Levator veli palatini

Palatoglossus

Palatopharyngeus

Lips & labial musculature

The oral preparatory stage is under control of:

Voluntary cortical control

Vagus reflex pathways

Brainstem only

Cerebellum only

Which structure prevents anterior spillage of the bolus?

Lips & labial musculature

Uvula

Epiglottis

Vagus reflex pathways

The primary muscle responsible for lip closure during swallowing is:

Orbicularis oris

Buccinator

Masseter

Palatoglossus