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Aphasia types and characteristics
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Global aphasia is most commonly associated with a lesion involving:
 
Entire L perisylvian region, often from a large MCA stroke
 
Right temporal lobe
 
Posterior cerebral artery infarct
 
The cerebellum
Global aphasia is MOST accurately described as:
 
Severe impairments in expr., comp., naming, reading, & rep.
 
Fluent speech with poor auditory comprehension
 
Severe expressive deficits with intact comprehension
 
Normal prosody with paraphasias and reduced meaning
A patient produces minimal spontaneous speech, has very poor comprehension, but can repeat long sentences verbatim. This most strongly suggests:
 
Mixed transcortical aphasia
 
Transcortical sensory aphasia
 
Global aphasia
 
Wernicke’s aphasia
Mixed transcortical aphasia is characterized by which pattern?
 
Severe deficits in expr. & comp. with preserved repetition
 
Strong naming with mild fluency deficits
 
Poor repetition, poor comprehension, poor naming
 
Fluent output but good comprehension
Which feature BEST differentiates transcortical motor aphasia (TMA) from Broca’s aphasia?
 
Intact repetition despite reduced initiation of speech
 
Nonfluent, effortful output
 
Agrammatic spoken language
 
Poor auditory comprehension
A patient presents with severe word-finding problems, intact comprehension, normal repetition, and difficulty producing low-frequency nouns. This most likely reflects:
 
Anomic aphasia
 
Global aphasia
 
Broca’s aphasia
 
Conduction aphasia
A patient shows minimal spontaneous speech, preserved repetition, and intact naming when prompted. This is characteristic of:
 
Transcortical motor aphasia
 
Global aphasia
 
Mixed transcortical aphasia
 
Wernicke’s aphasia
The presence of logorrhea (press of speech) strongly differentiates:
 
Wernicke’s aphasia from conduction aphasia
 
Broca’s from Transcortical motor aphasia
 
Wernicke’s from sensory aphasia
 
Global from transcortical mixed aphasia
Frequent circumlocutions with relatively preserved grammar and comprehension indicate:
 
Anomic aphasia
 
Broca’s aphasia
 
Global aphasia
 
Wernicke’s aphasia
A patient with fluent output, impaired comprehension, intact repetition, and semantic paraphasias likely has:
 
Transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA)
 
Anomic aphasia
 
Broca’s aphasia
 
Global aphasia
A patient can name objects and comprehend well, but pauses often due to difficulty retrieving specific nouns in conversation. This strongly suggests:
 
Anomic aphasia
 
Wernicke’s aphasia
 
Broca’s aphasia
 
Mixed transcortical aphasia
A patient whose auditory comprehension is strong but who produces only a few words with great effort likely demonstrates:
 
Broca’s aphasia
 
Anomic aphasia
 
Wernicke’s aphasia
 
Conduction aphasia
A patient with fluent speech, frequent phonemic paraphasias, poor repetition, and good comprehension most likely has:
 
Conduction aphasia
 
Global aphasia
 
Transcortical motor aphasia
 
Transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA)
A patient presents with echolalia, severely impaired comprehension, but intact repetition. This pattern best indicates:
 
Transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA)
 
Global aphasia
 
Transcortical motor aphasia
 
Mixed transcortical aphasia
A hallmark feature that differentiates Wernicke’s aphasia from anomic aphasia is:
 
Severely impaired auditory comprehension
 
Word-finding difficulty
 
Intact repetition
 
Fluent speech
A patient shows severely impaired naming, relatively fluent output, intact repetition, and poor auditory comprehension. This profile MOST strongly suggests:
 
Transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA)
 
Anomic aphasia
 
Wernicke’s aphasia
 
Conduction aphasia
Good repetition + good comprehension + word-finding difficulties =
 
Anomic aphasia
 
Broca’s aphasia
 
Global aphasia
 
Wernicke’s aphasia
A patient produces fluent but meaningless sentences filled with neologisms. This is:
 
Jargon aphasia
 
Agrammatism
 
Logorrhea
 
Hypophonia
Perseveration is MOST common in:
 
Global aphasia
 
Broca’s aphasia
 
Wernicke’s aphasia
 
Conduction aphasia
A repetition vs. comprehension dissociation best distinguishes:
 
Transcortical vs. non-transcortical aphasias
 
Anomia vs. agnosia
 
Apraxia vs. dysarthria
 
Fluent vs. nonfluent aphasia
A patient with strong auditory comprehension but very limited output and severe agrammatism likely has:
 
Broca’s aphasia
 
Wernicke’s aphasia
 
Anomic Aphasia
 
Transcortical sensory aphasia (TSA)
Press of speech with poor comprehension and anosognosia indicates:
 
Wernicke’s aphasia
 
Broca’s
 
Transcortical motor aphasia
 
Transcortical sensory aphasia
A patient shows echolalia, poor comprehension, and intact repetition. This pattern is typical of:
 
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia (TSA)
 
Transcortical Mixed Aphasia
 
Anomic Aphasia
 
Conduction Aphasia
A patient repeats perfectly but cannot initiate conversation. This suggests:
 
Transcortical motor aphasia
 
Global aphasia
 
Conduction aphasia
 
Broca’s aphasia
A person with fluent speech, poor comprehension, and good repetition most likely has:
 
Transcortical sensory aphasia
 
Mixed transcortical aphasia
 
Wernicke’s aphasia
 
Conduction aphasia
In anomic aphasia, repetition is typically:
 
Relatively intact
 
Poor
 
Severely impaired
 
Absent
Anomic aphasia is marked by:
 
Fluent speech with prominent word-finding difficulty
 
Severe deficits in expression and comp. w/ preserved repet.
 
Nonfluent output
 
Severe repetition impairment
Transcortical mixed aphasia is characterized by:
 
Severe deficits in expression and comp. w/ preserved repet.
 
Good reading comprehension
 
Fluent speech with prominent word-finding difficulty
 
Intact repetition with poor auditory comprehension
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia (TSA) is often mistaken for:
 
Wernicke’s aphasia with preserved repetition
 
Conduction aphasia
 
Broca’s aphasia
 
Anomic aphasia
Transcortical Motor Aphasia (TMA) typically presents with:
 
Good repetition with reduced initiation of speech
 
Severely impaired repetition with good comprehension
 
Severely impaired comprehension with good repetition
 
Mild naming deficits
The main linguistic hallmark of conduction aphasia is:
 
Severely impaired repetition with good comprehension
 
Severe impairments in all language modalities
 
Nonfluent speech with relatively good comprehension
 
Poor auditory comprehension with fluent but empty speech
Conduction aphasia is linked to damage in:
 
Arcuate fasciculus
 
Precentral gyrus
 
Right frontal lobe
 
The entire left perisylvian region
The lesion for global aphasia typically involves:
 
The entire left perisylvian region
 
Posterior superior temporal gyrus
 
Occipital cortex
 
Cerebellum
Global aphasia involves:
 
Severe impairments in all language modalities
 
Poor awareness of deficits (anosognosia)
 
Severe jargon
 
Poor auditory comprehension
A hallmark of Wernicke’s aphasia is:
 
Poor awareness of deficits (anosognosia)
 
Strong repetition
 
Nonfluent speech with relatively good comprehension
 
Semantic substitutions
Wernicke’s aphasia is caused by damage to the:
 
Posterior superior temporal gyrus
 
Supplementary motor area
 
Superior longitudinal fasciculus
 
Insula
Repetition in Broca’s aphasia is:
 
Severely impaired
 
Superior to spontaneous speech
 
Intact
 
Mildly impaired
Literal/phonemic paraphasias are:
 
Errors where sounds are substituted (“papple” for “apple”)
 
Telegraphic speech
 
Semantic substitutions
 
Neologisms
A key characteristic of Broca’s aphasia is:
 
Nonfluent speech with relatively good comprehension
 
Poor auditory comprehension
 
Severe jargon
 
Errors where sounds are substituted (“papple” for “apple”)
Broca’s aphasia is typically caused by damage to:
 
Left inferior frontal gyrus
 
Left inferior parietal lobe
 
Angular gyrus
 
Posterior superior temporal gyrus
A hallmark of Wernicke’s aphasia is:
 
Poor auditory comprehension with fluent but empty speech
 
Good auditory comprehension
 
Nonfluent speech with relatively good comprehension
 
Errors where sounds are substituted (“papple” for “apple”)
Neologisms are:
 
Made-up, meaningless words produced in fluent aphasia
 
Words used in jargon aphasia only
 
Real words with altered meaning
 
Err. in word selection/ phoneme production in fluent speech
Paraphasias refer to:
 
Err. in word selection/ phoneme production in fluent speech
 
Difficulty producing phonemes
 
Reduced attention
 
Made-up, meaningless words produced in fluent aphasia
Repetition is most severely impaired in:
 
Conduction aphasia
 
Anomic aphasia
 
Transcortical sensory aphasia
 
Transcortical motor aphasia
Fluent aphasias are characterized by:
 
Normal prosody with paraphasias and reduced meaning
 
Agrammatism
 
Short, effortful speech with reduced phrase length
 
Effortful output
The most common cause of aphasia is:
 
Left-hemisphere stroke in the MCA territory
 
Cerebellar infarct
 
TBI
 
Loss of motor plan
Nonfluent aphasias are characterized by:
 
Short, effortful speech with reduced phrase length
 
Fluent but empty output
 
Normal prosody
 
Normal prosody with paraphasias and reduced meaning
Aphasia is primarily a disorder of:
 
Language processing affecting comprehension &/or expression
 
Memory and attention
 
Left-hemisphere stroke in the MCA territory
 
Short, effortful speech with reduced phrase length
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