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Predict a difference in the length of treatment for a strain compared to a sprain. (Level 3/4)
A strain is an overstretching of a tissue, and a sprain is a tearing of tissue fibres. The greater severity of a sprain implies a longer period of R.I.C.E.
Between a hinge joint and a pivot joint, suggest which type of joint has a wider range of motion. (Level 3/4)
A hinge joint performs only one movement, but a pivot joint moves freely. As such, a pivot joint is more flexible and has a wider range of motion.
Suggest why cardiac muscle has greater endurance than skeletal muscle. (Level 3/4)
Cardiac muscle is always active, whereas skeletal muscle moves through periods of activity and rest.
Explain why the ankle is taped from the medial side to the lateral side to prevent an inversion sprain. (Level 3/4)
This approach to taping pulls the ankle into slight eversion, which reduces the risk of excessive inversion.
Describe the combination of movements that may result in a sprained ankle. (Level 3/4)
When the ankle inverts and plantar flexes, the ligaments on the lateral side of the ankle are at risk of tearing.
Describe the purpose of elevating an injured leg muscle. (Level 3/4)
Elevation reduces the distance between the muscle and the heart, making it easier to supply the muscle with blood, which carries ingredients for repair.
Explain the advantage of shivering in cold weather. (Level 3/4)
Shivering involves small repeated muscle contractions. Muscle contractions produce heat to increase body temperature.
Explain the difference between a fracture and a dislocation. (Level 3/4)
A fracture is a break in a bone. A dislocation is the movement of a bone out of place.
Suggest why it is easier to recover from an injured tendon compared to an injured ligament. (Level 3/4)
Tendons have more blood supply than ligaments, so they can heal naturally.
Identify the section of the spine that contains the most vertebrae. Then, state the number of vertebrae it contains. (Level 3/4)
Thoracic; 12 vertebrae
State the term that describes the combination of a flexor and an extensor, such as the biceps and triceps. (Level 1/2)
Antagonistic pair
Identify the term that describes the position of the radius relative to the ulna. (Level 1/2)
Lateral
State the muscle type that controls involuntary movements outside of the heart. (Level 1/2)
Smooth muscle
Identify the muscle group that flexes the knee. (Level 1/2)
Hamstrings
State the term that describes inflammation of a joint. (Level 1/2)
Arthritis
State the type of bone cell that helps to build new tissues. (Level 1/2)
Osteoblast
Identify the type of bone represented by a floating rib. (Level 1/2)
Flat bone
State the type of joint that does not move. (Level 1/2)
Fixed joint
Identify the long bone of the arm. (Level 1/2)
Humerus
State the main function of bone marrow. (Level 1/2)
Blood cell production
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