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The Social Consequences of the Second Industrial ...
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How did industrialization (and reduction of price of goods) affect the economic situation of the working class?
The working class had more purchasing power, and their quality of life was improved.
What three types of social protection measures were introduced by European states?
Accident compensation, pensions, and minimum wages.
Pressure from the labor movement and left-wing parties led states to pass laws regulating _______ _______ and introducing _______ ___________ measures.
working hours, social protection
What was the position of the Second International on capitalism, imperialism, and war?
Capitalism, imperialism, and war were condemned.
What was the difference in how pure Marxists vs. revisionists supported gaining power?
Pure Marxists advocated gaining power through revolution, while revisionists supported gaining power through elections.
What was the Second International, and when was it founded?
It was a federation of socialist parties based on Marxist principles, founded in 1889.
What were the main countries where similar workers' parties were founded other than the German SPD?
France, the United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain.
What was the first significant political party for workers AND where was it founded?
The German Social Democratic Party (SPD), founded in 1875.
What political freedoms were granted to workers that helped grow the labor movement?
The freedom of assembly and association.
What were three hygienic improvements made in cities?
The installation of sewage systems, paving, and waste collection.
What are three examples of technological advances adopted in cities during the Second Industrial Revolution?
Electric lighting, trams, and subways.
Which cities exceeded one million people by 1900?
Paris and London.
By 1900, what fraction of the population lived in cities?
Between one-third and half of the population.
How did emigration benefit sending countries?
By alleviating unemployment and social conflicts.
How did emigration benefit receiving countries?
By providing settlers.
What were the main destinations for emigrants from Europe?
The United States, Latin America, Australia, and New Zealand.
Which countries were the initial sources of emigration?
The United Kingdom, Ireland, and Scandinavia.
What contributed to the increased emigration abroad between 1870-1914?
Improvements in transportation and lower costs.
What was the population increase in Europe between 1870 and 1914?
From 300 million to 440 million people.