DNA & Protein Synthesis | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

A point mutation where a non-wobble base is swapped and the amino acid is changed is a...

Non-conservative missense mutation

A point mutation where a non-wobble base is swapped but causes no change in the amino acid is...

Conservative missense mutation

A point mutation where a nucleotide is swapped and it causes a stop codon to be in place instead is called...

Nonsense mutation

A point mutation where a nucleotide is swapped but nothing occurs is called a...

silent mutation

A ______ mutation is when one nucleotide is swapped for another. Sometimes this leads to no problems because of the "wobble base"

Point mutation

A _______ mutation is when nucleotides are added to the mRNA strand. This causes a frameshift

Insertion

During elongation, the incoming tRNA molecules enters the ___ site, moving the previous one to the ___ site, and the one before that to the ___ site.

A, P, E

Once out of the nucleus, a ribosome reads the mRNA 3 nucleotides at a time. These are called...

Codons

A spliceosome is a group of enzymes that work together to cut out ______, the unneeded parts of the mRNA, and glue back together the _______.

Introns; exons

Here is a coding strand of DNA, transcribe it: 5'-ATGCCTAAG-3'

Because this is the CODING strand, we know that mRNA is build onto the template strand and essentially matches the coding strand (with the exception of U)

RNA polymerase read the DNA strand ___' to ___' because new nucleotides can only be added to the ___' end

RNA polymerase read the DNA strand 5' to 3' because new nucleotides can only be added to the 3' end

rRNA is a type of RNA that has what function?

Along with some other proteins, the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes up the ribosome that will translate the mRNA sequence into amino acids.

tRNA is a type of RNA that has what function?

transfer RNA (tRNA) has an anti-codon that matches the codon on the mRNA. Each tRNA carries a specific amino acid depending on the anti-codon.

mRNA is a type of RNA that has what function?

mRNA is a copy of a section of DNA that can be translated into an amino acid sequence.

One key difference between a DNA nucleotide and RNA nucleotide lies within the sugars they are built with. What is this difference?

Deoxyribose does not have a hydroxyl (OH) group on the 2' carbon whereas the Ribose does.

RNA polymerase is an enzyme that does what?

Adds complementary RNA nucleotides (A, U, G, or C) to the template strand of DNA to create a single strand of mRNA

The strand of DNA that mRNA is NOT built onto, but will match, is called the

Coding strand

Translate the given mRNA sequence: 5'-AUGACCGUUAGG-3'

Met-Thr-Val-Arg

Going from mRNA to amino acids is called..

Translation

Going from DNA to mRNA is called...

Transcription

If 30% of a DNA sample was found to be Guanine, what are the percentages of the other bases?

G-30%, C-30%, A-20%, T-20%

Watson & Crick were the first to develop and fully fleshed out model of DNA. They said the structure of DNA was what?

A double helix

What are the four different nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

In DNA, Adenine binds with _______, but in RNA, Adenine binds with _______

Thymine; Uracil

Chargaff's Rule says that in DNA, Adenine bonds with ______, so they must be equal

Thymine

The sugar in DNA is

deoxyribose

Breaking ATP into ADP and a phosphate group is an example of

Catabolism

Anabolism can be defined as...

The building of molecules-like creating PGAL during photosynthesis