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Favoring certain groups of students because of their culture, background knowledge, beliefs, or personal circumstances, rather than their language ability.
Bias
When a test item does not match the level, skills, or learning objectives it is supposed to assess.
Mismatch
it gives consistent results across time, tasks, and raters.
Reliability
assessment tasks resemble real-world language use.
authenticity
it measures what it is supposed to measure.
validity
Tasks should provide structure to guide learners.
scaffolding
The degree of agreement between different raters.
inter-rater reliability
The degree of consistency when the same rater scores the same text at different times.
intra-rater reliability
The variety of vocabulary and grammar structures a student uses appropriately in writing.
range
A rubric that breaks writing into separate categories (e.g., content, organization, language, mechanics), each with its own score.
analytic
a rubric used for fast scoring
holistic
the test looks appropriate and fair to students and teachers
face validity
