Favoring certain groups of students because of their culture, background knowledge, beliefs, or personal circumstances, rather than their language ability.

The degree of consistency when the same rater scores the same text at different times.

The degree of agreement between different raters.

Tasks should provide structure to guide learners.

the test looks appropriate and fair to students and teachers

it gives consistent results across time, tasks, and raters.

A rubric that breaks writing into separate categories (e.g., content, organization, language, mechanics), each with its own score.

it measures what it is supposed to measure.

When a test item does not match the level, skills, or learning objectives it is supposed to assess.

assessment tasks resemble real-world language use.

a rubric used for fast scoring

The variety of vocabulary and grammar structures a student uses appropriately in writing.