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What phrase describes the energy required to start a chemical reaction by breaking bonds in the reactants?
Activation energy
Define "electronegativity".
A measure of an atom's attraction for electrons in a covalent bond.
Define "ionisation energy".
The energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.
If two atoms are bonded with the same electronegativity, what kind of bond is this?
Pure covalent / non-polar covalent
Whose "law" is defined as the total enthalpy change of a reaction is the same regardless of the route taken?
Hess's Law
What is the weakest intermolecular force?
London dispersion forces
A hydrogen bond forms when hydrogen is directly bonded to any of which three elements?
Nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine
What functional group is present in aldehydes and ketones?
Carbonyl group
What process could I use to separate different gases in a mixture?
Distillation
What two factors affect how different substances are separated in a chromatography experiment?
Molecule size and polarity
What is the trend in ionisation energy down a group? Explain why.
It decreases - because of the shielding effect which reduce the attraction between the nucleus and the outer electrons.
What could I do to the pressure conditions to maximise the yield of ammonia?
Increase
What is a free radical?
Highly reactive atoms or molecules with unpaired electrons.
What two types of molecules can react together to form an ester?
An alcohol and a carboxylic acid
Give the systematic name of glycerol.
Propane-1,2,3-triol
What name is given to this type of reaction?
Hydration
