The process of making an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. This copy, called messenger RNA (mRNA), carries the gene's protein information encoded in DNA.
transcription
The process through which information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) directs the addition of amino acids during protein synthesis.
translation
________________ is the main transcription enzyme. Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene (directly or through helper proteins).
RNA polymerase
TRUE or FALSE: RNA polymerase begins mRNA synthesis by matching complementary bases to the original DNA strand.
TRUE
A region of DNA upstream of a gene where relevant proteins (such as RNA polymerase and transcription factors) bind to initiate transcription of that gene.
promoter region
The information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) stops when the complex reaches the ______________.
terminator region
It precisely removes introns from pre-mRNA to generate mature messages (mRNA), a process referred to as pre-mRNA splicing.
spliceosome
The sequence of DNA present in mature messenger RNA, some of which encodes the amino acids of a protein.
exons
A region that resides within a gene but does not remain in the final mature mRNA molecule following transcription of that gene and does not code for amino acids
introns
The process of Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes and in ________________ in eukaryotes.
nucleus
During _________, ribosomal subunits assemble together like a sandwich on the strand of mRNA, where they proceed to attract tRNA molecules tethered to amino acids (circles).
translation
The A site in translation _____________ an incoming tRNA bound to an amino acid.
accepts
They carry amino acids to the ribosome. They act as "bridges," matching a codon in an mRNA with the amino acid it codes for.
tRNAs
The codon AUG is called the ________ codon as it the first codon in the transcribed mRNA that undergoes translation.
START
Site where translation takes place.
cytoplasm
The product of translation is _____. The translation is a process in which the genetic information contained in an mRNA is decoded into a specific sequence of amino acids to produce polypeptides or ________.
protein
