The physical appearance of an organism is called its
phenotype
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The genetic makeup of an organism is called its
genotype
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He is referred to as the "Father of Genetics"
Gregor Mendel
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When an organism has two identical alleles it is called
homozygous / purebred
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When an organism has two different alleles it is called
heterozygous / hybrid
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This tool is used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of two parents
Punnett square
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This allele always takes over and is expressed in the offspring
dominant
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This allele is only expressed in the homozygous form. Two alleles must be present for it to show up.
recessive
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Use a Punnett square to cross two parents who are heterozygous for dimples. What is the chance they would have a child with NO dimples.
25%
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Draw a Punnett square to determine the chance that one parent who is homozygous dominant for freckles, and a parent who is homozygous recessive for freckles, would have a child WITH freckles.
100%
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On a Punnett square, who is represented by the genotypes OUTSIDE the box?
the parents
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On a Punnett square, who is represented by the genotypes INSIDE the boxes?
Possible offspring / children
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If there is a 100% chance that the children produced by two parents will have the recessive trait of BLUE eyes, what MUST the genotypes of the parents be?
Homozygous recessive (bb & bb)
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If one parent is heterozygous for brown eyes (Bb) and the other parent has blue eyes (bb) what is the chance they would have a child with brown eyes? blue eyes?
50% chance brown 50% chance blue
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Gracey is breeding a dog and wants to have puppies with long ears which is dominant. The mother dog she is breeding has the recessive short ears (ee). What genotype should the father have so that all puppies will have long ears?
homozygous dominant or EE. This way EACH puppy would be heterozygous for long ears