What's the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is what the person's DNA looks like, while phenotype is how the genes are expressed physically (example: blonde hair)
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What's the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
Homozygous alleles look the same, while heterozygous alleles are different
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What's the difference between dominant and recessive genes?
Dominant genes overrule others. Recessive genes are part of your genes, but not usually expressed if the dominant overrules it.
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What's the difference between a gene & an allele?
A gene is a portion of DNA that determines a certain trait. An allele is a specific form of a gene.
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What is true breeding?
A true-breeding organism is an organism that always passes down certain traits multiple generations in a row.
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What is Mendel's Law of Dominance?
Mendel's law of dominance states that in a heterozygote, one trait will hide the presence of another trait for the same characteristic
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What is a testcross?
experimental cross of an individual organism of dominant phenotype but unknown genotype and an organism with a homozygous recessive genotype
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What's the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?
In codominance, both alleles in the genotype are seen in the phenotype. In incomplete dominance, a mixture of the alleles in the genotype is seen in phenotype
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What are the three different alleles exhibited in human blood type?
There are three different alleles, known as IA, IB, and i.
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Human blood type exhibits which two types of non-Mendelian traits?
Co-dominance or incomplete dominance
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What is a sex-linked gene?
Sex-linked, as related to genetics, refers to characteristics (or traits) that are influenced by genes carried on the sex chromosomes
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Why are Sex-linked recessive disorders more common in males?
Men only have one X chromosome
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What is a carrier for a gene?
A carrier is someone who carries a recessive gene for a trait/disease, but does not express that trait (or have that disease)
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Can a man be a carrier of a sex-linked gene?
Only females can be carriers; males cannot be heterozygous carriers.