A guild was an association that regulated the work of artisans in the same trade.
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Explain the following term: Old Regime
The Old Regime was the political, social and economic system that many parts of Europe followed until the 18th century.
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Explain the following term: Absolutism
Absolutism was the system of government in many parts of 18th-century Europe, in which the monarchs held full legislative, executive and judicial powers.
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Explain the following term Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was an 18th-century philosophical and cultural movement that centred on the use of human reason and the belief in progress.
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How many estates were there in the Old Regime?
There were three estates in the Old Regime: nobility, clergy and commoners.
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Which were the privileged estates?
The nobility and the clergy were the privileged estates.
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Into which groups were the nobility and clergy divided?
In high nobility/clergy and low nobiliy/clergy
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How did the Bill of Rights limit the monarch’s power?
The Bill of Rights established that the monarch could not pass laws, create new taxes, or collect them without the approval of Parliament.
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Why was the agrarian sector not very productive in the 18th century?
It was not very productive in the 18th century because very basic tools were used, crops depended on the weather, and bad harvests could result in famine
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Summarise the main ideas of the Enlightenment.
Reason should be applied to all areas of life; natural rights belong to all human beings; knowledge is the key to happiness and tolerance is basis of coexistenc
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What caused the War of the Spanish Succession?
The War of the Spanish Succession began when the Habsburgo King Carlos II died childless in 1700, leaving two rival candidates for the Spanish throne.
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Which European territories did Spain lose after the War of the Spanish Succession? Which countries gained those territories?
Great Britain received Gibraltar and Menorca, Austria received Spanish territory in Flanders and Italy.
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What measures did Carlos III take to strengthen the economy?
Free trade with America from Spanish ports; new land was farmed; the privileges of the Mesta were reduced; Royal factories were created
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Explain the following term: Estates General
The Estates General was an assembly of representatives from all the provinces of the Dutch Republic, where joint decisions were made.
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Explain the following term: the Nueva Planta decrees
Decrees which abolished the charters and institutions of the Crown of Aragón.
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Explain the following term: Economic Society of Friends of the Country
one of the private associations of enlightened thinkers that met to discuss a variety of subjects.
