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Name four ways oceans are important to humans
provide food (fish, seaweed), control the weather/climate, produce most of the world's oxygen, source of wave and tidal energy
What are the single-cell algae that form the base of the food chain called?
phytoplankton
What is the continental shelf and why is it the most productive part of the ocean?
the area just off the coast, shallow enough to work in (oil/gas, fishing), gets nutrients from the land which support big fisheries
What are the two types of ocean currents?
warm and cold or deep and surface
What are three factors that affect the movement of water in ocean currents?
density of water, winds, waves, Coriolis Effect, temperature of the water upwelling/downwelling)
How do cold currents effect the weather on land?
produce deserts
How do warm currents affect the weather on land?
cause rain
What two factors affect the density of water?
temperature and salinity
Describe the Peruvian current (3 facts)
it is a cold water current, it starts in Antartica, it upwells off the coast of Peru in S. America, it brings oxygen and nutrients to support a big fishery
What is guano and why is it economically important to Peru?
bird poop from sea birds, it is an excellent source of fertilizer
In a normal year which direction does the wind blow in relation to the coast of Peru? (toward/east or away/west)?
Away - westerly wind is the pervailing wind and this carries warm water away from the coast to make room for upwelling
What happens to the surface water temperature in the Pacific ocean during an El Nino?
it warms up (~0.5 degrees) above average for three months
What does ENSO stand for?
El Nino Southern Oscillation
When does El Nino normally peak?
December
Describe three causes of overfishing?
increases in fishing technology (expanded upon), factory-freezer trawlers, increase in demand due to growing population,
Explain the difference between target fish and bycatch
target fish is what you are trying to catch, bycatch is the unintended fish that is caught
