Share C1 CAE passives + reported speech
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Rewrite in the passive (hedging/impersonal): Experts have linked the rise in anxiety to social media use.
The rise in anxiety has been linked to social media use.
Rewrite in the passive (focus on process): The research team collected the data over a ten-year period.
The data was collected over a ten-year period.
Rewrite in the passive (avoid naming agent): The committee rejected the proposal without giving reasons.
The proposal was rejected without reasons being given.
Rewrite in the passive (formal report style): The police arrested three suspects shortly after midnight.
Three suspects were arrested shortly after midnight.
Rewrite in the passive (academic tone): Researchers will publish the full findings later this year.
The full findings will be published later this year.
Rewrite in the passive (negative results focus): The reviewers did not identify any significant flaws.
No significant flaws were identified.
Rewrite in the passive (hedging with reporting verb): People believe the policy harms small businesses.
The policy is believed to harm small businesses.
Rewrite in the passive (evidence-based hedge): Observers think the figures were manipulated.
The figures are thought to have been manipulated.
Rewrite in the passive (modal perfect passive; inference): Someone must have leaked the draft online.
The draft must have been leaked online.
Rewrite in the passive (modal perfect passive; criticism): They should have checked the references more carefully.
The references should have been checked more carefully.
Rewrite in the passive (modal perfect passive; possibility): Someone may have misread the instructions.
The instructions may have been misread.
Rewrite in the passive (modal perfect passive; counterfactual): They could have avoided the confusion with a short email.
The confusion could have been avoided with a short email.
Rewrite in the passive (two-object; policy language): They offered the applicants a revised timetable.
The applicants were offered a revised timetable.
Rewrite in the passive (two-object; formal): They have given us no explanation for the delay.
We have been given no explanation for the delay.
Rewrite in the passive ): By the time the meeting started, someone ____ the agenda.
The agenda had been circulated.
Rewrite in the passive: At the moment, the situation ____ closely by independent observers.
is being monitored
