Share cardiovascular diseases 2025
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What microbe causes cat-scratch disease?
Bartonella henselae
What insect transmits Lyme disease?
Ixodes tick
What is the characteristic skin lesion seen in cutaneous anthrax?
Eschar
What organ can dangerously enlarge and rupture during infectious mononucleosis?
The spleen
What type of pathogen causes malaria?
A protozoan (Plasmodium spp.)
Which disease is transmitted by the “kissing bug”?
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
What symptom gives “undulant fever” its name?
Recurring (undulating) fever cycles, fevers typically at night, fever breaks during the night leading to night sweats, feel fine during the day, fever returns
What organism causes gas gangrene?
Clostridium perfringens
Which viral hemorrhagic fever has a reservoir in African fruit bats?
Ebola virus
What disease is diagnosed by detecting the EM “ring stage” in red blood cells?
Malaria
Name two symptoms that distinguish bubonic plague from pneumonic plague.
Bubonic: buboes, swollen nodes; Pneumonic: severe pneumonia, high fever, nearly 100% fatality
What type of tick transmits human granulocytic anaplasmosis?
Ixodes scapularis
How does Yersinia pestis use fleas to transmit plague?
It blocks the flea’s gut, causing the flea to regurgitate infected blood into the host.
What is the main danger of congenital CMV infection?
Neurological damage or hearing loss in newborns
Why is the nymph stage of the Ixodes tick the most important for Lyme disease transmission?
It feeds on small mammals (reservoirs) and is tiny/hard to notice, staying attached long enough (2–3 days) to transmit the bacteria.
Explain how Francisella tularensis can cause such severe disease despite entering the body through a minor cut.
It has an extremely low ID50 (~1), grows inside phagocytes, and spreads to lymph nodes, causing ulceration and systemic infection.
