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What does the term "Renaissance" mean?
It means "rebirth," a period of renewed interest in classical art, literature, and learning.
What period did Renaissance scholars look to for inspiration?
The classical world of ancient Greece and Rome.
What were some major causes of the Renaissance?
Crusaders bringing back documents, the fall of Constantinople, growth of trade and towns.
How did the Crusades contribute to the Renaissance?
Crusaders brought back preserved documents and knowledge from Byzantines and Muslims.
What event in 1453 helped spread Renaissance knowledge to Europe?
The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks.
How did the growth of trade and towns affect Renaissance learning?
It expanded the middle class, allowing more students to afford private teachers.
What was the goal of Renaissance education?
To make students well-rounded individuals through study of humanities.
Define Renaissance humanism.
A philosophy focusing on human interests and experiences based on classical writings.
How did Renaissance humanists’ worldview differ from that of the Middle Ages?
They focused more on present life and human achievements rather than just spiritual matters.
Name three subjects taught by Renaissance humanists.
Literature, philosophy, and art (also history, grammar, speech).
What is a city-state?
A city that forms an independent political unit.
Who is known as the Father of Humanism?
Petrarch.
What was Castiglione’s contribution to Renaissance culture?
He wrote "The Courier," a book on proper conduct for a Renaissance man.
What political book did Machiavelli write?
The Prince.
How did northern European Renaissance writers differ from Italian Renaissance writers?
They emphasized Christian issues over classical sources.
What is Christian humanism?
A philosophy aiming to return Christianity to its early simple values.
