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The science that studies these names
toponymy
A collection of geographical names within a specific territory
geographical nomenclature
one of the first researchers of folk geographic terminology.
Gani Konkashbayev
"Dictionary of Kazakh Folk Geographic Terms,
introduced around 550 terms.
Shokan Ualikhanov
"Essays on Dzungaria," "Geographic Sketch of Ile," and "18th Century Map of the Kazakh Steppes."
Economists-geographers
Stanislav Erdauletov, Sharipzhan Nadirov
author of Kazakhstan’s Geographic Atlas
A.S. Beisenova
The name of any territory (country, region, district…)
Choronyms
are proper geographical names that denote mountains, hills, and mountain ranges.
Oronyms
geographical proper names that denote rivers, lakes, seas, and other water bodies.
Hydronyms
Oikonyms
are proper geographical names that denote inhabited localities such as villages, towns, and cities.
Urbanonyms
are proper names of intra-urban objects such as streets, squares, avenues, parks, and districts.
Dromonyms
are proper geographical names that denote roads, routes, and communication lines
cartographic depiction
The main element of a geographic map
Geometric symbols
mining sites.
Alphabetic symbols
chemical elements (Cu, Mn).
