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Name two blood vessels in the human body.
Artery / Vein / Capillary
What is the main function of the phloem in plants?
To transport food (glucose) from the leaves to other parts of the plant
Name the two types of vascular tissues in plants.
xylem / phloem
Explain how blood flows through the heart in the pulmonary circulation.
Blood flows from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery and returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary vein.
Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right ventricle?
Because it needs to pump blood to the entire body, requiring more force.
How does transpiration help in cooling the plant during hot days?
As water evaporates from the leaf surface, it absorbs heat, cooling the plant.
A plant's xylem is damaged. What would happen to the plant and why?
The plant would wilt and die because water and mineral salts cannot be transported.
Suggest a reason why veins have valves, but arteries do not.
Veins carry blood at low pressure and need valves to prevent backflow of blood.
What is the function of the right ventricle?
To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery
State one difference between the left and right sides of the heart.
The left side pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body; the right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
A person’s left ventricle is weak. What symptoms might they show, and why?
They may feel tired and breathless because the body does not receive enough oxygenated blood.
Compare the role of the pulmonary artery and aorta in the circulatory system.
Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. Aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Name the part of the heart that separates the right and left sides
Septum
A patient has a hole in the septum of the heart. Predict what might happen.
Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood may mix, reducing oxygen supply to the body
Why are the walls of capillaries so thin?
To allow efficient diffusion of gases and nutrients between blood and body tissues
Structure and functions of artery
Thick walls, small lumen, no valves; carry blood away from the heart under high pressure
