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Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
Right atrium
What is the function of the mitral valve?
Prevents backflow from left ventricle to left atrium
Blood vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself?
Coronary artery
Which part of the heart generates electrical impulses to initiate contraction?
SA node
What is the primary function of the right ventricle?
Pumps blood to the lungs via pulmonary artery
This valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Tricuspid valve
What is the name of the outermost layer of the heart wall?
Epicardium
During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles fill with blood?
Ventricular diastole
Which heart sound ("lub-dub") corresponds to closure of the semilunar valves?
The second heart sound (S2)
What happens if the sinoatrial (SA) node fails to function properly?
The atrioventricular (AV) node may take over as the pacemaker
What primarily determines cardiac output (CO)?
Stroke volume and heart rate
What is the Frank-Starling law of the heart?
Increased stretch of cardiac muscle leads to stronger contraction
During which phase of the action potential do cardiac muscle cells contract?
Depolarization
Which ion plays a major role in the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential?
Calcium (Ca²⁺)
What effect does sympathetic nervous system stimulation have on the heart?
Increases heart rate and force of contraction
