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comprehend language by first attending to the smallest elements of the language
Bottom up processing
activities and instruments created by teachers and students that provide evaluative information to be used as feedback on student performance
Classrom-based assessment
a text in which words are deleted and the test-taker must provide a word that fit the blanks
cloze
a test that elicits a test taker ability to use language that is meaningful and authentic
Communicative test
instruments in which test-takers receive a set of questions that meet test specifications and that are generally appropriate for their performace level
computer-adaptive test ( CAT)
an outline of content or form is given to the writer to complete a sentence or paragragh
controlled writing
a task that limits the amount of language that is produced
Controlled-response task
give test-takers feedback, usually in the form of grades, on specific course or lesson objectives.
Criterion-referenced test
to place test-takers along a mathematical continuum in rank order
Norm-referenced test
an assessment method in which the test taker actually performs the target task
direct testing
assessment designed on assumption that language can be broken down into its componet parts and that those parts can be tested successfully
Discrete-point test
writing that is produced, usually in response to a prompt, to show competence in grammar, vocabulary or sentence formation
displaly writing
the effectiveness of the distractor to attract a test-taker away from the correct response
distractor efficiency
in a mulltiple choice items, responses used to divert or distract the test takers from the correct response
distractor
promoting, through feedback or other forms of support, learner development in the abilities being assessed
dynamic assessment
systematic, planned exercises or procedures constructed to give teacher and student an appraisal of student achievment
Formal assessment
