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What is Manifest Destiny?
The belief that Americans were destined to expand westward across North America.
How did Thomas Jefferson respond to attacks on U.S. ships by the Barbary Pirates?
Authorized military action to protect U.S. commerce, marking early foreign intervention.
What were some goals of treaties between colonists and Native American nations?
To reduce conflict and regulate land use between settlers and Native Americans.
Describe the Missouri Compromise.
It admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to balance power in Congress. Created 36 30 Parallel.
What does the term "Columbian Exchange" refer to?
The transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds.
How did American views on slavery begin to change in the late 1700s?
Enlightenment and revolutionary ideals led some to call for abolition.
What was the significance of the Northwest Ordinance?
Established guidelines for new states and banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.
How did the Monroe Doctrine influence U.S. foreign policy?
Asserted U.S. opposition to European interference in the Western Hemisphere.
Why was the idea of a transcontinental railroad so appealing in the mid-1800s?
Promised faster cross-country travel, boosting trade and military mobilization.
How did the cash crop economy shape social hierarchies in the southern colonies?
Created a wealthy, landowning class that depended on enslaved labor and indentured servants.
What were the primary motivations for French colonization in North America?
The fur trade, spreading Christianity, and seeking alliances with Native tribes.
How did the Great Awakening influence colonial attitudes toward authority?
Encouraged questioning traditional authority and inspired ideas of equality and individual rights.
What impact did the Sugar Act and Stamp Act have on colonial unity?
Sparked protests and united the colonies against British taxation without representation.
Why did early settlers establish colonies with distinct economies in the New England, Middle, and Southern regions?
Varied climates and resources led to different economic focuses: trade in New England, farming in the Middle, and plantations in the South.
