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What percentage of adults in the United States are affected by depression each year?
8% of adults annually.
This part of the brain helps process and store memories, and changes here can affect mood, especially in depression.
The hippocampus helps process and store memories, and changes here can affect mood, especially in depression.
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for regulating sleep, appetite, and mood?
Serotonin
This neurotransmitter is involved in the brain’s reward system and is linked to movement, substance abuse, and psychosis.
Dopamine is involved in the brain’s reward system and is linked to movement, substance abuse, and psychosis.
Which neurotransmitter affects mood and pain regulation?
Serotonin helps regulate mood, sleep, appetite, and inhibits pain.
What are two medical conditions associated with depression?
Hypothyroidism, degenerative neurological conditions (e.g., Parkinson's, Alzheimer's), strokes, vitamin B12 deficiency, endocrine disorders, immune system disea
What are the primary diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD)?
Five or more symptoms during a 2-week period, with at least one being depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure.
What does the acronym 'SIGECAPS' stand for in relation to depression symptoms?
Sleep disturbances, Interest loss, Guilt, Energy loss, Concentration difficulties, Appetite changes, Psychomotor changes, Suicidal thoughts.
A type of MDD that occurs in the fall and winter months when there is less sunlight.
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
A type of major depressive disorder during or after pregnancy, causing extreme sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion, affecting the mother’s ability to care for herself and her baby.
Peripartum Depression
What is the primary difference between grief and depression according to the American Psychiatric Association?
Grief involves waves of painful feelings mixed with positive memories, while depression involves a persistently low mood and loss of interest, with feelings of
A life-threatening condition caused by excessive serotonin, with symptoms including mental status changes, autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., tachycardia), or neuromuscular hyperactivity (e.g., tremors).
Serotonin Syndrome
How long does it typically take for antidepressants to reach their full effectiveness?
4 to 6 weeks.
Shifts from manic episodes (abnormally high moods) to depressive episodes (abnormally low moods).
Bipolar Disorder
A persistently elevated or irritable mood with increased energy lasting at least one week.
Mania/Manic Episode
What are two symptoms required for a diagnosis of a manic episode?
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity and decreased need for sleep.
