What is a disease?
A change in the body that produces a loss of health.
In 1948 the World Health Organisation redfined health as a combination of... (3 types of health)
Physical health , Mental health and Social well-being
Diseases are commonly classified into two types. What are these?
Infectious and non-infectious
Diseases are transmitted through a process called chain of infection, which is...
Agent - Source - Vector - Host
Vector - Host - Agent - Source
Host - Source - Agent - Vector
Source - Agent - Vector - Host
What do we mean by an endemic disease?
Increase of number of cases in a region to a high rate
When a disease has spread to several countries
Disease that is only present in a certain region/population
Pathogens can enter a persons body through various portals, name 1:
Either: Skin, respiratory tract, digestive tract or genital tract
What is the human immune system?
The immune system protects the human body against invasion by pathogens.
What does it mean when someone has developed immunity?
The ability to kill any foreign substance in the body
A natural barrier preventing foreign substances entering
The ability to resist the invasion of a foreign substance
When someone can never get sick
The body has natural barriers that prevent pathogens entering the body, what are the 3 types?
Physical (e.g. skin), Chemical (e.g. saliva) and Biological
What is the function of T-Cells?
Recognise antigens and destroy them
Make antibodies specific to the antigen that activated them
Lymphocytes are a type of...
Plasma
Phagocytes
Red blood cell
White blood cell
The third line of defence to stop a pathogen is the specific immune response, carried out by...
Lymphocytes
How does a vaccination work?
Weak/dead forms of a virus/bacterium that do not cause ilness are injected which triggers a specific immune response that produces antibodies and memory cells.
There are ways that we can prevent disease e.g. vaccines. Can you name 1 other and how it works?
Personal and environmental hygiene; sexual health; food hygiene; taking care when travelling e.g. only drinking bottled water; pet care
When people have a bacterial infection what treatment is prescribed?
Anti-fungal medicines
Antibiotics
Antivirals
All of the above
