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AH Chapter 2 Test

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    European in America
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  • Who conquered the Aztec and Inca empires in the 16th century?
    the Spanish
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  • What was the purpose of Christopher Columbus’s voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492?
    to find a western route to Asia
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  • What was the Northwest Passage?
    a supposed water route to Asia through the Western Hemisphere
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  • Which country challenged Spain’s position as the dominant world power by defeating the Spanish Armada in 1588?
    England
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  • Who provided the labor on Spanish haciendas and plantations in the Americas?
    unpaid Native Americans and enslaved Africans
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  • What was the Middle Passage?
    the voyage of ships carrying enslaved Africans to the Americas
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  • Where did the use of enslaved Africans as a labor force initially begin in the Americas?
    on sugar plantations in the Caribbean
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  • What was the Line of Demarcation?
    a vertical boundary through the Atlantic and present-day Brazil
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  • What did Amerigo Vespucci’s explorations reveal?
    The Americas were not Asia
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  • What were the conquistadors looking for in North America?
    cities of gold
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  • Why did the Spanish appoint viceroys?
    to rule the territories claimed by Spain
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  • Who were the Sea Dogs?
    English sailors licensed by the monarch to attack enemy ships
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  • What are watershed lands?
    areas drained by rivers
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  • What was the Columbian Exchange?
    a period when the Old World and the New World exchanged plants and animals
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  • What were haciendas?
    tracts of farmland given to wealthy colonists
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  • Why was quinine so important for Europe, Africa, and Asia?
    It was the only effective malaria remedy for 300 years
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