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What are the two types of speech codes according to Bernstein?
Restricted and elaborated
What is restricted code and who is it used by?
Limited vocab, restricted grammar, simple sentences, working class
According to Douglas, what are working-class parents attitude to education?
Less ambitious, less encouragement, less interest, not aware of pupils progress
What is a subculture?
A group whose attitudes and values differ from mainstream values
Name TW0 of Sugarman's’ working class barriers to educational success:
Fatalism, collectivism, immediate gratification, present-time orientation
Name a compensatory education programme:
Operation head start in US, sesame street, sure start
How do Blackstone and Mortimore critisise the idea that working class parents do not care about education
They work longer hours, put off by middle class atmosphere, lack of knowledge
How may a working class student be materially deprived
Housing, diet/health, finances, cost of education, fear of debt
What is cultural capital?
Knowledge, attitudes, values, languages, tastes and abilities of the middle class
What internal factors affect social class differences in achievement?
Labelling, self fulfilling prophecy, streaming, subcultures, pupils identities and the school
Who is the ‘daddy of labelling’ and what study did he do?
Becker - interviewed 60 Chicago high school teachers to identify who gets labelled as 'the ideal student'
What is the main criticism (A03) of labelling theory?
Too deterministic - not all people ascribe to their label
What is streaming and what do working class fit in?
a way in which teachers differentiate students
According to Gillborn and Youdell schools go through a triage system - name ONE of the categories:
Those who will pass anyway, borderline C/D, Hopeless cases
According to Lacey, what two external subcultures do all students fall in to?
pro school and anti-school
Woods found students didn’t always fall into one of the two subcultures, What other categories could a student fall in to?
Ingratiation - teacher pet Ritualism - going through the motions Retreatism - daydreaming/ mucking about Rebellion - rejection of everything
