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Where is Palmyra located?
Modern day Syria, at the crossroads of the East and West
What is Palmyra called in the Old Testament?
‘Tadmor’
What was Palmyra's language?
Palmyra had its own unique language, known as Palmyrene, which was a blend of Semitic and Aramaic languages.
What does the Palmyra Tariff show?
A collection of tax records
What languages was the Palmyra Tariff in?
Local Palmyrene (an Aramaic dialect) and Greek
What kind of column is plain, with an iconic spiral scroll
Ionic
What are the most sophisticated type of columns?
Corinthian
Who did Zenobia challenge?
The Roman Empire?
What qualities are Zenobia known for?
She was known for her intelligence, military tactics, and ability to govern her kingdom effectively.
How did Zenobia change Palmyra LOCALLY
She encouraged the development of arts and culture in Palmyra, making it a center of learning and intellectual exchange.
What was the name of Zenobia's husband?
Odaenathus
True or False: Zenobia was born to a humble family from a poor background.
False
What was the name of Zenobia's son?
Vaballathus
What title did Zenobia give herself on coins?
Augusta
What is an assumption we can make based on Zenobia's coinage?
From this source it can be presumed the break from Rome was to be permanent and Zenobia was making a clear statement that she intended to rule an eastern empire
What are the limitations of Zenobia's coinage?
Zenobia's coins were produced for propaganda purposes and may not accurately reflect the reality of her reign, they cannot tell us everything about her policies
