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What is the first year of the Muslim calendar? What happened then?
622, Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina
Who defeated the Arabs at Poitiers?
Charles the Martel, the Frankish king
When were the Arabs defeated at Poitiers?
732
What was the document which was signed by King John of England in 1215 that limited the power of the English king?
Magna Charta
What is the estate that is owned by a lord and lived on by vassals and peasants?
Manor
What was the aim of the Crusades?
Reoccupy Jerusalem from the Muslims
What was the first monastic order? When was it founded?
Benedictine Order, 529
What is feudalism?
Feudalism was a form of society and government based on the ownership of land and relationship of lord and vassal. Feudal relation was based on granting lands.
What did serfs owe to their landlords?
socage/corvée, proportion of the crop, gift, advice
What were the tasks of monks?
copying codexes, healing, teaching
What was the pasture ground system?
fields were cultivated until they exhausted (7-30 years) and then turned into a pasture
What was the two-field system?
One field was planted, the other was ploughed but not planted; it was left fallow. The fields were rotated every year.
What was the three-field system?
The land was divided into three parts: a spring field, an autumn field and a fallow and they were rotated every year.
When was the Treaty of Verdun made? What did it contain?
843, It divided the Frankish Empire into 3 parts.
What was the tithe?
Tax, 1/10 of the produce, paid to the Church
Who was Justinian?
The ruler of the Byzatine Empire during its golden age.
