Chapter 5: Understanding Children from Birth to Ag... | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

What are the two main forces that influence cognitive development?

hereditary and environment

Grasping, holding, cutting, and drawing require ________ motor skills.

fine

Activities such as running, skipping, and bike riding fall into __________ motor development.

gross

If a baby in 6 pounds at birth, he/she will be approx. _______ pounds at two years of age.

24

According to the cephalocaudal principle, what develops first?

head

_________ development involves the improvement of skills using large muscles.

gross motor

_______ development involves learning to relate to others and refining feelings and expressions

social-emotional

_________ development involves skills which relate to the small muscles.

fine motor

The term _____ refers to the order in which a child is able to perform new movements.

motor sequence

_____________ development refers to the mental processes used to gain knowledge.

cognitive

The way a child reacts to his or her environment reflects the child's ____________ .

temperment

Changes in bone thickness, vision, and hearing are all part of ____________ development.

physical

_____________ behaviors show that infants care and respond to certain people who are important.

attachment

The term which describes a child who is between the ages of three and six years is _________

preschooler

When a child is unhappy because a caregiver is leaving, the child is showing ____________.

separation anxiety

The understanding that objects exist even if you cannot see them is known as ____________.

object permanence

Children demonstrate _____________ by watching another behavior acting it out later.

deferred imitation

A child is called a (n) ____________ during the first year after birth.

infant

The average newborn infant measures __________ inches.

20

The average weight of a baby at birth is __________ pounds.

7 1/2

________________ development refers to changes in the body.

physical

To crawl, the child pulls with the arms and wiggles the stomach.

true

Hitching is a movement where babies move their arms and legs and slide the buttocks.

true

Most infants are first able to turn from the stomach to the back, then back to stomach.

true

Growth is rapid during the first two years of life.

true

According to the principle of proximodistal devel. the fingers and toes develop first.

false

Toddlers love to explore, but do not understand the dangers involved.

true

Telegraphic speech consists of four-word phrases.

false

Crawling is the movement in which infants support their weight on their hands and knees

false

New movements tend to develop in fingers and toes and move inward.

false

When normal reflexes are not present in infants, it may be a sign of brain or nerve damage.

True

There are weight and height differences between boys and girls by two years of age

True

This reflex can be observed in full-term babies. When an infant is held so the feet are flat on a surface, the infant will lift one foot after another in a stepping motion.

stepping or walking reflex

This reflex is present at birth in babies who are born at full term. Infants will fan out and curl and the foot twists in.

Babinski reflex

When you touch the infant's palms, the hands will grip tightly.

Palmar grasp reflex

This reflex is sometimes referred to as the "startle reflex." It occurs when a newborn is startled by a noise or sudden movement. The infant will react by flinging the arms and legs outward and extending the head. Then the infant...

Moro reflex

This reflex causes infants to turn their heads toward anything that brushes their faces. This action helps them find a food source such as a nipple.

Rooting reflex

Reflex that is necessary for life.

survival reflex

An infant's average weight at birth.

7 1/2 pounds

A child's difficulty in separating from parents, often occurring between 6 and 15 months of age.

separation anxiety

The strong emotional connection that develops between people.

attachment

Quality and intensity of children's emotional reactions to their environment, such as passivity, irritability, and activity patterns.

temperament

Two-word phrases used by toddlers when they first learn to combine words.

telegraphic speech

Watching another person's behavior, then acting out that behavior. This occurs between eighteen and twenty-four months.

deferred imitation

An understanding that objects continue to exist even if a person cannot seem them.

object permanence

Order in which a child is able to perform new movements. Motor sequence depends on the development of the brain and nerves.

motor sequence

An automatic body response to a stimulus. At birth, an infant's physical abilities are limited to reflexes.

reflex