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9G 2nd midterm exam 2021 22 review - 3
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__________ is converted into lactic acid during fermentation.
Pyruvate
__________ are the unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells under right conditions.
Stem cells
What are the two phases of photosynthesis?
phase 1: light-dependent phase/light reaction, phase 2:light-independent phase/Calvin cycle
The uncontrolled growth and division of cells cause by the failure of cell cycle regulation is called __________.
cancer
Which phase is this?
metaphase 2
A fruit fly has 8 chromosomes; how many possible types of fertilized eggs could be formed by the crossing of two fruit flies?
2^4 x 2^4 = 256
Which phase is this?
anaphase 2
Crossing over happens in which phase of meiosis?
Prophase I
Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that happens in both animals and plants. True or false?
True
If individual III-4 gets married with a homozygous dominant individual, how many percent of chance that the offspring will be affected by the disorder?
0%
If individual III-1 gets married with a homozygous dominant individual, how many percent of chance of offspring will be a carrier?
50%
Deduce the genotypes of the couple in generation I.
both were heterozygous 
Describe the genotype of individual II-3.
Homozygous dominant
How many affected female(s) is/are there in generation II? Name the individual(s).
one. II-2
Is this a dominant or recessive genetic disorder? How do you know?
Recessive genetic disorder, because there are carriers.
What is the dominant genetic disorder that affect the nervous system affecting individual between ages 30-50 years old?
Huntington's disease
What is the meaning of inheritance or heredity?
The passing of traits to the next generation.
What is fermentation?
An anaerobic process that takes place in the cytoplasm, which functions to regenerate NAD+, so that glycolysis can be continued to produce a small amount of ATP
B is the dominant allele for big eyes and b is the recessive allele for small eyes.What is the phenotypic ratio of a cross between two heterozygous individual?
Big eyes:small eyes = 3:1
B is the dominant allele for big eyes and b is the recessive allele for small eyes.What is the genotypic ratio of a cross between two heterozygous individual?
BB:Bb:bb = 1:2:1
What is the possible number of chromosome combinations in the egg cell can be produced by a female human?
2 to the 23rd power = 2^23
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