Apologia Advanced Biology Module 12 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

What do the different regions of the antibody do?

variable region binds to antigens, The constant region determines the class of the antibody which identifies the method it will use to fight the antigen

What is Humoral immunity?

Acquired immunity provided by antibodies in in the blood plasma.

What is MHC?

major histocompatibility complex - A structure of proteins that are determines by 20 genes in your DNA

What are the three functions of the spleen?

It filters blood (not lymph), filters out worn out RBCs, stores oxygen rich blood.As it is filtered, foreign invaders stimulate a response from the lymph system

Where does lymph pick up fats?

lymph capillaries in the lining of the small intestine pick up fat and is called Chyme and takes on a milky appearance

What is complement??

It is a first line of defense. series of 30 proteins that are activated by foreign invaders. they lyse bacteria, phagocytosis and inflamation

What is interferon?

a protein released by cells, in response to the entry of a virus, which has the property of inhibiting virus replication.& telling neighbor cells to strengthen

What is edema?

A build up of excess interstitial fluid in the tissues, which leads to swelling

What is passive immunity? How long does it last? give and example

antibodies you receive from someone else. not long: an infant gets antibodies through placenta and breast milk, Rh-mom receives Rh+antibodies in a shot,rhogam

What is the difference between Plasma B cells and memory B cells?

Plasma B cells produce and release antibodies, whereas Memory B cells remember the infection so they can respond quicker the next time

What are Peyer's patches

Peyer's patches are groupings of lymphoid follicles in the mucus membrane that lines your small intestine.

What are viruses?

A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism.

Identify h and c, and give their function.

h. reticular fibers- a net of connective tissue. support, c. germinal center – mitosis of lymphocytes can take place in response to a foreign invader.

Identify f and g, and give their function.

f. trabeculae – structure, support, g. efferent lymph vessel - Lymph vessels that carry lymph away from a lymph node

Identify d and e, and give their functions.

d. lymph nodule – lymph tissue arranged in compact spherical structures without a capsule, e. capsule – dense connective tissue encapsulating the lymph node

Identify a and b, and tell their function

a. lymph valve – prevents back flow of lymph,b.afferent lymph vessels-vessels that carry lymph to a lymph node

What is the difference between interstitial fluid and blood plasma?

Plasma has proteins that are not able to diffuse out of the capillaries

What is the difference between lymph and interstitial fluid?

Nothing, just where it is located

Where does the lymphatic system deposit the lymph back into the blood?

subclavian vein

What are the three functions of the spleen?

1. Cleanse the blood of foreign invaders, 2. To dispose of worn out erythrocytes, 3, to be a reservoir of oxygen rich blood.

What is the function of lymph nodes?

testing lymph for foreign invaders, adding lymphocytes to the blood, filtering lymph with macrophages

What function do the skeletal muscles play in the lymphatic system?

Skeletal muscles pump lymph through the lymph vessels. The valves prevent back flow

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Cells that fight infection and disease

How much of the interstitial fluid is diffused back into the capillaries?

90%

What prevents lymph from flowing backwards in the lymph vessels?

valves

What are three basic functions of the lymphatic system?

Fluid balance, fat absorption, immunological defense

What do natural killer cells do?

Lymphocytes that attack tumor cells and virus infected cells

What are the chemicals that promote fevers by acting on the hypothalamus called?

Pyrogens

Name three of our bodies first line of defense.

Our skin,our stomach acid,sweat glands,sebaceous glands,mucous,tears have lysosomes,urine washes the urinary tract,cervical mucous,symbiotic organisms.

What are the ways antibodies attack antigens? (5 answers)

1.Bind to antigens2.bind antigens in clumps3.Activate complement4.Stimulate phagocytosis5.stimulate inflammation

How does a vaccine work?

a dead or weakened pathogen is put in your body to cause an immune response. Your immune system remembers it and can quickly fight it if you are exposed again

What is cell mediated immunity?

Immunity that comes from the action of T-lymphocytes

What is humoral immunity?

Immunities that come from antibodies in the blood

What is acquired immunity?

An immune response targeted at a specific pathogen or toxin

What is M.A.L.T.?

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue:concentration of lymphatic tissue with no clear boundaries, also called diffuse lymphatic tissue.found deep in mucous membrane

What are Lymph nodes?

Encapsulated masses of lymph tissue found along lymph vessels

Describe Innate immunity

An immune response that is the same regardless of the pathogen or toxin encountered

Where are T cells produced?

Red bone marrow, but they mature in the thymus, that is why they are called T cells