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The Atmosphere
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Cool, gentle wind blowing in from the water to the land?
sea breeze
Any solar energy that reaches the earth's surface is called?
insolation
A horizontal movement of air caused by a transfer of heat is called
wind
Auroras that occur in the southern hemisphere are called aurora?
australis
Warm, dry air that travels down a mountain slope is called?
foehn
Regions of high pressure and gentle winds at about 30* north are called?
horse latitudes
Which convection cell is located at the equator?
Hadley cells
Which convection cell is considered high pressure?
polar cells
What global wind is located in the mid-latitudes?
prevailing westerlies
What causes the Intertropical Convergence Zone?
low pressure
What temperature layer is at the bottom of the heterosphere?
thermosphere
Water vapor and ___________ keeps the Earth's climate stable.
carbon dioxide
What transfers heat in the process of radiation?
electromagnetic waves
What causes convection currents?
uneven heating
What causes the plasma in the ionosphere?
cosmic rays
What heats up faster, land or water?
Land
Which global winds were named because they consistently allowed ships to make passage across the ocean?
trade winds
What effect causes wet and dry seasons through a seasonal change in wind direction?
monsoon effect
What unit is used to measure the amount of energy something gains, loses, or uses?
watt
Wind that occurs when a large amount of dense, cold air spills over a mountain range is called?
fall wind
High-altitude winds that are concentrated in narrow, meandering bands are called?
jet streams
The temperature of a gas rises as the gas is compressed with no heat lost is called what?
adiabatic heating
The upper-troposphere waves associated with the polar front jet stream are called?
Rossby waves
The area where the solar wind interacts with Earth's magnetic field is the?
magnetosphere
What is the most important and abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere?
water vapor
What portion of the Earth's magnetic field stretches away from the sun?
magnetotail
What global winds occurs at the highest altitudes?
polar easterlies
What is the normal value of atmospheric pressure at sea level?
1013 millibars
What name is given to the upper atmosphere because of its distinct layers?
heterosphere
How does air normally move in the atmosphere?
high pressure to low pressure
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