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Rocks Review Chapter 10
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a vertical sequence of strata that provides a historical record of Earth's eras and periods.
geologic column
a chart or diagram that describes the events of Earth's history in chronological order.
geologic time scale
one who believes in the Theory of Evolution
evolutionist
one who believes in the biblical account of Creation
creationist
the process by which an organism is completely replaced by minerals.
petrifaction
a small organism preserved in fossilized tree sap
resin fossil
the preserved remains of footprints, eggs, burrows, or droppings.
trace fossil
the shape of a previously living organism preserved in sediment.
Mold fossil
the process whereby sediment is laid down.
deposition
The dissolved or suspended matter in a body of water.
load
layered appearance resulting from the parallel arrangement of grains.
foliated
The particles of minerals or other rocks that give rock its texture
Grain
What kind of fossil is this?
petrified fossil
What kind of fossil is this?
Trace fossil
What kind of fossil is this?
Mold fossil
What type of fossil is this?
resin fossil
Give examples of sedimentary rock.
breccias, shale, sandstone, gypsum, limestone, chalk, mudstone
Give an example of metamorphic rock.
gneiss, marble, fault breccia, hornfels, slate, quartzite, schist
Give an example of an igneous rock.
basalt, obsidian, pumice, gabbro, granite, rhyolite,
What role does lichen play?
It breaks down rock.
What science term is used to describe the changes that rocks undergo in the rock cycle?
transformation
What are all rocks made of?
elements, minerals, compounds
What do fossils and invertebrates have in common?
Most fossils are marine invertebrates
What three characteristics of water make it effective at breaking down and eroding rock?
It has the ability to dissolve minerals, penetrate and apply pressure, and flow easily.
What uniformitarian idea is closely connected to the concept of the geologic column?
the geologic time scale
Why are biologists particularly interested in a resin fossil as compared to a trace or mold fossil?
It contains the entire organism preserved instead of only its tracks, droppings, or shape.
What are the three main points of focus between creationists and evolutionists?
They disagree about life's origin-God's existence & involvement, earth's age, & whether organisms began complex or developed from simple to complex beings.
Which major geological view(s) would say that gradual processes of long periods of time contributed significantly to the formation of geologic features?
uniformitarianism and neo-catastrophism
Which major geological view(s) would say that large-scale flooding events contributed significantly to the formation of geologic features?
catastrophism and neo-catastrophism
What is crossbedding?
tilted layers within larger layers
When water stops moving, does it deposit its whole load?
Not necessarily. Some of its load may be dissolved and will not settle; some of its load may be very fine particles that stay suspended.
How do metamorphic rocks form?
They form from previous rocks when they undergo heat, pressure or both.
What type of rock forms from deposition, compaction, and cementation?
sedimentary
What type of rock forms intrusively or extrusively?
Igneous
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