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Ch. 26 Ecology & Environment Review
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What does the term colonization mean in terms of organisms?
When a species starts to populate a habitat where the species was not already present
What is a modern human intervention in the phosphorus cycle?
 
Mining phosphate for use as a fertilizer
 
Planting crops that release a lot of phosphate
 
Capturing atmospheric phosphate for use as a fertilizer
 
Replacing phosphate with magnesium
What is an ecosystem?
Production of a large number of small offspring, each of which receives little parental investment.
How many trophic levels does an omnivore feed on within an ecosystem?
 
Omnivores feed at all trophic levels.
 
2
 
3
 
None, because the various trophic levels do not apply
A chaparral plant that is usually only seen in the first couple of years after a fire is also called what?
 
A fire-follower
 
A fire germinator
 
Ash vegetation
 
A smoke germinator
Which of the following is true about amensalism?
Amensalism can happen when a bigger, more established organism out competes a smaller organism for resources.
Which of the following is a density-independent factor that does not become more limiting as the population increases?
 
Flash flood from a thunderstorm
 
Available habitat
 
Water
 
Reproductive rate
What is a niche?
 
A role thats played by a particular species in an ecosystem
 
The type of prey that a predator hunts.
 
The area where a predator hunts.
 
A area thats suitable for a particular organism to live in
What type of mimicry occurs when a harmless animal mimics a dangerous or unpalatable animal?
 
Batesian mimicry
 
Chemical mimicry
 
Mullerian mimicry
 
Coloration mimicry
What is coevolution?
Coevolution occurs when the fitness of two different species is tightly linked and these two species evolve in response to evolutionary changes in each other.
What is niche differentiation?
When more than one species with almost the same fundamental niche adapt to become specialists in different aspects of the fundamental niche.
According to this graph, at which elevation is the population density of Species A the highest?
 
5,000 ft
 
6,000 ft
 
4,000 ft
 
3,000 ft
Which specific field of science gave rise to the theoretical idea of island biogeography and its counterpart, island biodiversity?
 
Ecology
 
Paleontology
 
Zoology
 
Biology
Which term is used to describe how plants spread their seeds?
 
Dispersal
 
Colonization
 
Biogeography
 
Migration
Within the biogeochemical cycle, where do consumers get most of their elements from, not including oxygen and hydrogen?
 
Other organisms
 
The pool of unavailable organic compounds
 
The air in the atmosphere
 
The soil
Which of the following is not a component of the phosphorus cycle?
 
Atmospheric phosphate
 
Phosphate is incorporated into sedimentary rocks
 
Phosphate is absorbed from the soil by plants
 
Phosphate bound to soil
Which of the following is an indirect indicator that biologists can use to estimate a population's density?
 
Counting the number of nests in an area
 
The number of previously tagged animals they trap
 
Counting the number of organisms in an area
 
All of the answers are correct.
Which type of factors has the biggest impact on an organism's life history?
 
Factors unique to the organism's survival and fitness
 
Physiological factors
 
Factors related to the predators of that species
 
Environmental factors
What is a population?
 
The individual organisms belonging to the same species.
 
All of the ecosystems on the planet combined.
 
All of the communities within a geographical area.
 
All of the individual organisms of all the different species
The lowest, most basic level at which ecology is studied is:
 
the organismal level
 
the cellular level
 
the biosphere
 
the population level
In a typical ecosystem, what percentage of the energy produced by the autotrophs then consumed by the primary consumers will be passed along to the secondary consumers?
 
1%
 
10%
 
7%
 
0.7%
The prickly pear cactus is a producer. Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer of a prickly pear cactus?
 
Harris's Antelope Squirrel
 
Vulture
 
Rattlesnake
 
Red-tailed Hawk
Which of the following events is likely to precede primary succession?
 
A volcanic eruption that creates a new island
 
Deforestation
 
A tsunami
 
A wildfire
The chaparral biome is characterized by what?
 
Dense evergreen shrubs mild, wet winters; and hot dry summer
 
Sparse evergreen shrubs; cold, dry winters; and mild, wet
 
Dense, rich soil and a very long growing season
 
Large perennial plants that can only grow in the dry summer
Intraspecific competition usually gives rise to which of the following dispersion patterns?
 
Uniform
 
Either uniform or clumped
 
Clumped
 
Random
What usually happens in a natural population as it approaches its carrying capacity?
 
The growth rate of the population slows down.
 
The population will migrate to an area with more resources.
 
The population drops dramatically.
 
Niche differentiation.
If a mosquito feeds on a bird that is infected with the West Nile Virus and then feeds on a human being who then contracts the virus, what role is the mosquito playing in the infection of the person?
 
The vector
 
The host
 
The parasite
 
The symbiont
When a bee gathers nectar from a certain type of flower to make honey and in the process pollinates the flower, what kind of relationship exists between the bee and the flower?
 
Mutualistic
 
Serendipitous
 
Amensalistic
 
Parasitic