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Chapter 20 - Wall and Ceiling Construction
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Rubble stonework in which the stones are dressed with relatively straight edges to fit a particular place in the pattern, but still give a rubble, not ashlar, appearance.
uncoursed cobweb
A structural member positioned inside a wall opening to help support the header over the opening.
trimmer
The traditional method of applying stucco that consists of a scratch coat, brown coat, and finish coat of stucco
three-coat stucco system
A coating applied to the outside of a structure that forms a protective, low-maintenance, yet decorative shell around the structure; consists of Portland cement, lime, sand, and water.
stucco
Structural members that combine two outer "skins" and an insulating foam core into a single unit for framing applications.
structural insulated panels
The predominant steel component used for floor joists, wall studs, roof rafters, and ceiling joists in residential construction.
structural C
A method of constructing headers for window and door openings in which the header size is increased to completely fill the space from the top of the rough opening to the top plate.
solid blocking
The bottom horizontal member of a frame wall, on which the studs rest.
sole plate
The first stucco layer in the three-coat stucco system, which covers the lath and provides support for the second coat.
scratch coat
Stonework made up of undressed stones of irregular shapes.
rubble stonework
Rubble stonework in which the stones are dressed with relatively straight edges to fit a particular place in the pattern, but still give a rubble, not ashlar, appearance.
polygonal rubble
A membrane placed under a stucco finish that protects most of the wall area from moisture accumulation between the structure and the stucco.
moisture barrier
A wall constructed entirely of brick, concrete block, stone, clay tile, terra cotta, or a combination of these materials.
masonry wall
A wire or ribbed material that provides support and attachment for the layers of stucco applied to a wall.
lath
A full-height structural member at the sides of a wall opening to which trimmers (also called jack studs) are nailed to provide additional support.
king stud
A structural member positioned inside a wall opening to help support the header over the opening.
jack stud
Concrete wall forms made of foam insulation that are filled with concrete and remain in place to become part of the exterior wall structure.
insulated concrete forms (ICFs)
A method of constructing headers for window and door openings in which shorter studs and jack studs are firmly nailed to the sole and top plates of the opening.
header-and-stud framing
Strips of 2 Ă— 2 or 1 Ă— 3 lumber affixed to a masonry wall to provide a nailing surface for drywall, plaster, or paneling.
furring strip
An angled cut on a joist end in solid brick and stone walls to prevent toppling the wall if the house should catch fire.
firecut
The third stucco layer in the three-coat process; a thin layer in which texture or design patterns are applied.
finish coat
Brick that is uniform in size and has sharp corners and lines.
face brick
A structural member, also called a jack stud, that is not full length due to a wall opening.
cripple stud
Rubble stonework in which all of the stones are generally flat or rectangular, so that the result looks like courses (rows) of stone
coursed rubble
Brick that is less uniform in size and color than face brick and may have a lip on one or more edges.
common brick
A wall constructed of concrete blocks; units are arranged to provide a continuous air space 2" to 3" thick.
cavity wall
The second stucco layer in the three-coat process; covers any lath not covered by the scratch coat, adds strength to the shell, trues up the surface, and provides an appropriate surface for the final coat.
brown coat
A fired clay masonry product.
brick
Stonework that uses dressed, cut, or squared stones to provide a regular pattern or finished appearance.
ashlar stonework
An opening that allows entry into the attic of a home.
access hole