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4ºESO INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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Why did Spain take so long to become industrialised?
It had a farm based economy/ a poor peasant population/ landownership hindered modernisation.
What were the important demographic trends in 19th Century Spain?
There was a high birth rate and the death rate was decreasing slowly. ( not as quickly as in other zones that were industrialising ). 
What were the migratory patterns in Spain during this period? And what were the causes of these migrations?
Internal migration - rural exodus / emigration abroad - because of low standard of living in Spain, family connections and the need for labour.
What was the bourgeosie and what was significant about them?
They were the class group that replaced the nobility/ the means of production belonged to them/ business and liberal professions/
What was the proletariat?
It was made up of people who worked in factories or mines/ lower classes along with domestic servants and merchants.
What were the initial causes of the first revolts of the workers?
Poverty, exploitation and class consciousness caused workers to revolt.
Who were the Luddites?
They were  textile workers who destroyed the machines that  they felt were taking away their work.
Talk about trade unions and why they were formed:
Strikes were held to improve living and working conditions/ but the government banned them and put them down by the army.
What do you think were the consequences of the Luddite's destruction of machinery?
They were brutally punished by the military/ some were exiled to Australia/ some were executed.
Define Capitalism:
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
What was significant about Henri de Saint-Simon?
He wanted to promote state ownership of the means of production/ wanted reforms to correct social inequalities.
Who was Robert Owen?
He was a member of the Utopian Socialists and he proposed workers cooperatives. ( where people would live and work in ideal cities ). 
What did Charles Fourier believe?
He was critical of the new industrial society/ promoted communal associations/ inspired a number of utopian communities. 
Which political group did Fourier, Owen and Saint-Simon belong to?
They were intellectual thinkers who believed in Utopian Socialism.
What is Marxism?
It was also called scientific socialism which was a scientific study of the economy and society. It wanted to change the mode of production.
Who were the authors of "The Communist Manifesto"?
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published their manifesto in 1848.
What was "the class struggle"?
It was thought that each society had an oppressor class and a class that was oppressed.
Define Marx's idea of social revolution:
The proletariat should take the means of production from the bourgeoisie resulting in a society without an oppressor or an oppressed.
Define: to ban something
To prohibit something.
Define: to put down
To repress an uprising or a revolt.
Define: to struggle
A forceful or violent effort to get free of restraint or resist attack.
Define: capital
Wealth in the form of money or other assets.


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