The Industrial Revolution S4 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle

What were living conditions often like in working class neighbourhoods?

Small, poorly ventilated and poorly lit houses built with poor quality materials. 1 room for cooking and eating, 1 room for sleeping. No running water or sewage

What financial innovations enabled the growth of business?

The creation of corporations, divided into shares traded on the stock market between shareholders. + Bank loans. = Financial capitalism

What did Ford use in his automobile factories to mass produce cars?

An assembly line

What is the process of making large numbers of identical goods in great quantities called?

Mass production

What are organizations that workers form to improve their working conditions?

Trade unions

What were the advantages of trains as the new transportation?

Could... 1. go anywhere tracks could be put down. 2. Go faster 3. Haul more and 4. Operate all year.

What was the shift from hand tools to power driven machinery called?

The Industrial Revolution

When workers protest unsafe and unjust working conditions by refusing to work until their demands are met it is called?

A strike.

What new forms of transport emerged or became widespread in the second industrial revolution?

Steam ships, automobiles and the first aeroplanes

What were the new energy sources in the second industrial revolution?

Electricity and petroleum

What was the primary energy source of the first industrial revolution?

Steam power

What invention of the industrial revolution was considered a lethal risk to people's health, affecting their respiratory system, anxiety levels and leading to miscarriages of pregnant women?

Railways and increased travelling speeds

What were working conditions like in the first textile factories?

Frequent accidents with burns, cuts, mutilations and death. No health insurance or unemployment benefit or pension schemes. Low wages. Frequent dismissals

What was the timetable for an average working day in the first textile factories?

Workers start at 6am and finish at 8pm. With a 10 minute break for breakfast, 1 hour for lunch and 20 minutes for tea.

What are the defining ideological features of economic liberalism?

The principle of economic freedom (to hire, fire, create businesses and set prices and conditions of products), trust in the invisible hand of supply and demand

What factors improved iron manufacturing?

The invention of new techniques and furnaces leading to the invention of wrought iron

What was the textile boom?

The flooding of international markets by cheap and well-made British cotton products due to mechanisation in the first industrial revolution

What is the division of labour and how did it effect workers?

Each worker specialised in a single task in the production process, with fixed timetables and working at the speed required by machines

Prior to factories and machine production how were most products made?

In workshops by artisans

Aside from technological advances and population growth, what else contributed to the industrial revolution?

Extensive markets (partly thanks to colonialism), a new bourgeoisie mentality (economical liberalism), abundance of primary materials (iron and coal)

What lead to an increase in agricultural production?

Improved farming techniques (such as the four-field system), improved technology (iron ploughs and mechanisation). Private land ownership. More livestock

What lead to population growth in the late 18th century?

The death rate decreased due to improved nutrition, hygiene and public health. The birth rate continued to be high

What decade is considered the start of the second industrial revolution?

1870

What decade is considered the start of the first industrial revolution?

1760

The first regular passenger train line was established in 1830 between which two cities?

Liverpool and Manchester

Which inventer perfected the steam engine in 1769?

James Watt